Physical Therapy Program, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2010 Jul-Sep;33(3):103-9.
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify exercise parameters and the most common outcome measures used in tai chi (TC) research.
Ovid Medline and PubMed were used to identify longitudinal studies published from January 2000 to July 2007 written in English with the key words tai chi, tai ji, tai chi quan, tai ji quan, balance, falls, and falling. Qualifying studies had subjects aged 60 years or older.
In all 19 qualified prospective studies, older vigorous and likely transitional frail individuals seemed to benefit more from TC than did older frail individuals. The most commonly used TC parameters were Yang's style, with 12 or fewer forms, durations of 12 weeks or longer, frequencies of twice a week or more, and session lengths of at least 45 minutes. The most common outcome measures observed were a combination of 2 to 5 of the following 10 measures (from most to least common): fear of falling, single-leg stance, posturography, rate of falling, flexibility, walking velocity, Berg Balance Scale, Timed up and Go, Functional Reach, and ankle and knee joint strength and range of motion. Improvements were reported in almost all of these measures.
This review indicates that TC may be an economic and effective exercise program for improving balance and balance confidence in older adults.
本系统评价旨在确定太极拳（TC）研究中使用的运动参数和最常见的结果测量指标。
通过 Ovid Medline 和 PubMed 检索，检索 2000 年 1 月至 2007 年 7 月间发表的英文文献，关键词包括 tai chi、tai ji、tai chi quan、tai ji quan、balance、falls 和 falling。纳入标准为：研究对象为 60 岁及以上老年人，为前瞻性研究，语言为英文。
在所有 19 项符合条件的前瞻性研究中，较年轻且运动能力较强的、可能处于过渡阶段的虚弱个体似乎比较年轻且虚弱的个体从 TC 中获益更多。最常使用的 TC 参数为杨氏 12 式或少于 12 式，练习时间为 12 周或更长，每周练习 2 次或以上，每次练习时长至少 45 分钟。观察到的最常见的结果测量指标包括以下 10 个指标中的 2 至 5 个（从最常见到最不常见）的组合：对跌倒的恐惧、单腿站立、姿势描记法、跌倒率、灵活性、步行速度、伯格平衡量表、计时起立行走、功能性伸展、踝关节和膝关节力量以及活动范围。几乎所有这些指标都报告了改善情况。
本综述表明，TC 可能是一种经济有效的运动方案，可改善老年人的平衡和平衡信心。
