基于社区的团体身体活动和/或营养干预措施以促进老年人的活动能力：伞式综述。

Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review.

机构信息

Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.

School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.

出版信息

BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):539. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03170-9.

DOI:10.1186/s12877-022-03170-9

PMID:35768770

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9241281/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Physical activity and a healthy diet are important in helping to maintain mobility with aging. This umbrella review aims to identify group-based physical activity and/or nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults that improve mobility-related outcomes.

METHODS

Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Sociological Abstracts) were searched from inception to December 2021. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews exploring the effectiveness of physical activity or structured exercise, alone or combined with nutrition interventions on mobility-related outcomes (aerobic capacity, physical function, balance, falls/safety, muscle strength, health-related quality of life/wellbeing). Interventions must have been delivered in a group setting to community-dwelling older adults aged 55+. Two reviewers independently performed eligibility screening, critical appraisal (using AMSTAR 2) and data extraction. The GRADE approach was used to reflect the certainty of evidence based on the size of the effect within each mobility-related outcome category. Older adult/provider research partners informed data synthesis and results presentation.

RESULTS

In total, 62 systematic reviews (1 high, 21 moderate, 40 low/critically low quality) were identified; 53 included physical activity only, and nine included both physical activity and nutritional supplements. No reviews included nutrition interventions alone. Combined aerobic/resistance, general physical activity, and mind-body exercise all improved physical function and balance (moderate-high certainty). Aerobic/resistance training improved aerobic capacity (high certainty). Resistance training and general physical activity improved muscle strength (moderate certainty). Aerobic/resistance training and general physical activity are likely to reduce falls among older adults (moderate certainty). There was no evidence of benefit for nutritional supplementation with physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Group-based physical activity interventions that combine aerobic and resistance, general PA and mind-body exercise can improve measures of mobility in community-dwelling older adults. We found no reviews focused on nutrition only, highlighting a gap in the literature.

摘要

背景

体力活动和健康饮食对于帮助维持老年人的活动能力很重要。本综述旨在确定针对社区居住的老年人的基于群体的体力活动和/或营养干预措施，以改善与移动性相关的结果。

方法

从创建到 2021 年 12 月，在五个电子数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane CENTRAL、Sociological Abstracts）中进行了检索。纳入标准包括探索单独或结合营养干预措施对与移动性相关的结果（有氧能力、身体机能、平衡、跌倒/安全、肌肉力量、与健康相关的生活质量/幸福感）的体力活动或结构化运动的有效性的系统评价。干预措施必须在社区居住的 55 岁以上的老年人中以小组形式进行。两名审查员独立进行了资格筛选、关键评估（使用 AMSTAR 2）和数据提取。使用 GRADE 方法根据每个与移动性相关的结果类别内的效果大小来反映证据的确定性。老年患者/护理人员研究合作伙伴为数据综合和结果呈现提供了信息。

结果

共确定了 62 项系统评价（1 项高、21 项中、40 项低/极低质量）；53 项包含体力活动，9 项包含体力活动和营养补充剂。没有评论仅包含营养干预措施。综合有氧/阻力训练、一般体力活动和身心锻炼都改善了身体机能和平衡（中-高度确定性）。有氧/阻力训练可改善有氧能力（高确定性）。阻力训练和一般体力活动可改善肌肉力量（中等确定性）。有氧/阻力训练和一般体力活动可能会降低老年人跌倒的风险（中等确定性）。没有证据表明体力活动与营养补充相结合有益。