University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2011 Sep;26(14):2908-28. doi: 10.1177/0886260510390958. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
The present study examines the relative contributions of various theoretical constructs to violent victimization by operationalizing multiple measures of exposure to motivated offenders, guardianship, and target characteristics. Using a nationally representative sample of American adolescents, we conducted principal components factor analysis and logistic regression analysis to examine whether such measures do in fact represent empirically distinct constructs and if they are each correlated with violent victimization risk. Findings suggest that both nondelinquent and delinquent routine activities which expose adolescents to motivated offenders increase risk of victimization. In terms of guardianship, parental attachment appears to protect adolescents from victimization, although direct parental control actually increases risk. Finally, only one of four target characteristics-psychological vulnerability-was significantly associated with violent victimization risk. We discuss the implications for theory and future research in light of the findings.
本研究通过操作多种动机犯、监护和目标特征的暴露来检验各种理论结构对暴力受害的相对贡献。我们使用具有全国代表性的美国青少年样本，进行了主成分因子分析和逻辑回归分析，以检验这些措施是否实际上代表了经验上不同的结构，以及它们是否都与暴力受害风险相关。研究结果表明，使青少年接触动机犯的非犯罪和犯罪的日常活动都会增加受害风险。就监护而言，父母依恋似乎可以保护青少年免受侵害，尽管直接的父母控制实际上会增加风险。最后，四个目标特征（心理脆弱性）中只有一个与暴力受害风险显著相关。我们根据研究结果讨论了对理论和未来研究的启示。
