Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2011 Sep;26(14):2811-33. doi: 10.1177/0886260510390945. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted statutes that allow police officers to make warrantless arrests for domestic violence given probable cause; however, state laws differ from one another in multiple, important ways. Research on domestic violence warrantless arrest laws rarely describe them as anything more than discretionary, preferred, or mandatory, either within their analyses or within the texts of their publications; researchers, and their audiences, may not be aware of the vast and potentially important differences among these laws. In this article, we list the domestic violence warrantless arrest laws for each state, and discuss them in terms of five common elements: the phrasing of the arrest authority; whether additional factors to domestic violence are required to trigger the arrest authority; qualifications to the arrest authority; time limits for warrantless arrest to occur; and whether police officers are required to report why they made a dual or no arrest. We then analyze the common elements of the laws, paying particular attention to how they may encourage or discourage the arrest of alleged domestic violence perpetrators. It is critical that researchers, advocates, and policymakers are aware of these variations in state statutes when conducting or interpreting research or making policy recommendations.
在美国，所有 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区都颁布了法规，允许警察在有合理理由的情况下对家庭暴力行为进行无证逮捕；然而，各州的法律在多个重要方面存在差异。关于家庭暴力无证逮捕法律的研究很少将其描述为任何除了自由裁量权、首选或强制性的内容，无论是在他们的分析中还是在出版物的文本中；研究人员及其受众可能没有意识到这些法律之间存在着巨大而潜在的重要差异。在本文中，我们列出了每个州的家庭暴力无证逮捕法律，并从五个常见要素的角度对其进行了讨论：逮捕权的措辞；是否需要其他家庭暴力因素来触发逮捕权；逮捕权的资格；无证逮捕发生的时间限制；以及警察是否需要报告他们为什么进行双重或无逮捕。然后，我们分析了这些法律的共同要素，特别关注它们如何鼓励或阻碍对涉嫌家庭暴力行为人的逮捕。当研究人员、倡导者和政策制定者在进行或解释研究或提出政策建议时，了解这些州法规的差异至关重要。
