Jałocha Irena, Gabryś Marian Stanisław, Bal Jarosław
I Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii i Położnictwa Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu, 50-369 Wrocław.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2010 Dec 2;64:636-41.
Meiosis arrest before fertilization is a common and unique feature of oogenesis in many animal species. On account of the unclear biological significance of meiosis arrest at various stages and for different durations in different animal species, this process and its regulation are the subject of many scientific studies. Studies on the development of ovarian teratomas proved to be helpful in defining the role of particular genes and biochemical cycles in control of the cell cycle in animals. These benign tumors are a valuable source of information on oocyte maturation. The c-mos proto-oncogene, which is specifically expressed in female and male germ cells, plays a crucial role in control of meiotic cell division in mammals. Its product--Mos protein kinase--acting through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulates critical cellular functions required for homeostasis and decides about cell survival or apoptosis. The MAPK kinase kinase--MAPK kinase--MAPK (MKKK-MKK-MAPK) phosphorelay system, in view of its role in cells, seems to be the ideal target for therapeutic intervention in cancer and other diseases. The recent research on human oocytes suggests that the basic mechanisms regulating various stages of oocyte maturation are similar to those described in animals.
受精前减数分裂停滞是许多动物物种卵子发生过程中常见且独特的特征。由于不同动物物种在不同阶段和不同持续时间的减数分裂停滞的生物学意义尚不清楚，这一过程及其调控是许多科学研究的主题。卵巢畸胎瘤发育的研究被证明有助于确定特定基因和生化循环在动物细胞周期控制中的作用。这些良性肿瘤是卵母细胞成熟信息的宝贵来源。原癌基因c-mos在雌性和雄性生殖细胞中特异性表达，在哺乳动物减数分裂细胞分裂的控制中起关键作用。其产物——Mos蛋白激酶——通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）发挥作用，调节体内平衡所需的关键细胞功能，并决定细胞的存活或凋亡。鉴于其在细胞中的作用，MAPK激酶激酶-MAPK激酶-MAPK（MKKK-MKK-MAPK）磷酸化信号转导系统似乎是癌症和其他疾病治疗干预的理想靶点。最近对人类卵母细胞的研究表明，调节卵母细胞成熟各个阶段的基本机制与动物中描述的机制相似。
