Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
Future Microbiol. 2011 Jan;6(1):85-102. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.157.
Sporothrix schenckii, now named the S. schenckii species complex, has largely been known as the etiological agent of sporotrichosis, which is an acute or chronic subcutaneous mycosis of humans and other mammals. Gene sequencing has revealed the following species in the S. schenckii complex: Sporothrix albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix luriei, Sporothrix mexicana and S. schenckii. The increasing number of reports of Sporothrix infection in immunocompromised patients, mainly the HIV-infected population, suggests sporotrichosis as an emerging global health problem concomitant with the AIDS pandemic. Molecular studies have demonstrated a high level of intraspecific variability. Components of the S. schenckii cell wall that act as adhesins and immunogenic inducers, such as a 70-kDa glycoprotein, are apparently specific to this fungus. The main glycan peptidorhamnomannan cell wall component is the only O-linked glycan structure known in S. schenckii. It contains an α-mannobiose core followed by one α-glucuronic acid unit, which may be mono- or di-rhamnosylated. The oligomeric structure of glucosamine-6-P synthase has led to a significant advance in the development of antifungals targeted to the enzyme's catalytic domain in S. schenckii.
申克孢子丝菌，现称为申克孢子丝菌复合体，主要被认为是引起孢子丝菌病的病原体，孢子丝菌病是一种人类和其他哺乳动物的急性或慢性皮下真菌感染。基因测序揭示了申克孢子丝菌复合体中的以下几种物种：白念珠菌、巴西孢子丝菌、球形孢子丝菌、卢里孢子丝菌、墨西哥孢子丝菌和申克孢子丝菌。越来越多的免疫功能低下患者（主要是 HIV 感染者）感染申克孢子丝菌的报告表明，孢子丝菌病是与艾滋病大流行相伴的一个新出现的全球健康问题。分子研究表明种内存在高度的变异性。作为黏附素和免疫原诱导物的申克孢子丝菌细胞壁成分，如 70kDa 糖蛋白，显然是该真菌所特有的。主要的糖肽甘露聚糖细胞壁成分是申克孢子丝菌中已知的唯一 O-连接聚糖结构。它含有一个α-甘露二糖核心，后面跟着一个α-葡萄糖醛酸单元，可能是单或二鼠李糖基化的。葡糖胺-6-P 合酶的寡聚结构为开发针对申克孢子丝菌酶的催化结构域的抗真菌药物带来了重大进展。
