Hulin M, Annesi-Maesano I
Inserm, U707, EPAR, 75012 Paris, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2010 Dec;27(10):1195-220. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.10.002. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
Children living in rural areas had lower prevalence of allergies than children from cities, in relation to farming exposure.
Exposure to farm animals and consumption of raw milk appear to play an important role in the protection afforded by the agricultural environment, and this at different stages of child development. The mechanisms involved in these effects are still controversial, and recent publications cast doubt on the role of endotoxins initially suggested. It seems that exposure to indoor air pollution, characterized by excessive biocontaminants (mold, allergens…) is a key element in the development of allergic diseases.
The establishment of cohort studies, a better assessment of exposure to pollution at home but also in farm buildings and the study of gene-environment interactions should improve the knowledge on the protective effect towards allergy of farming environment.
The farming environment, very specific, could be an important model for better understanding the mechanisms involved in allergic and respiratory diseases. In addition, urbanization and thus reduction of the rural environment, may well explain the increased prevalence of allergies observed in the past 50 years.
就农业接触而言，农村地区儿童的过敏患病率低于城市儿童。
接触农场动物和饮用生牛奶似乎在农业环境提供的保护中发挥着重要作用，且在儿童发育的不同阶段均如此。这些效应所涉及的机制仍存在争议，近期的出版物对最初提出的内毒素的作用提出了质疑。似乎以过多生物污染物（霉菌、过敏原等）为特征的室内空气污染暴露是过敏性疾病发展的关键因素。
开展队列研究、更好地评估家庭以及农场建筑中的污染暴露情况以及研究基因 - 环境相互作用，应能增进我们对农业环境对过敏的保护作用的认识。
非常特殊的农业环境可能是更好地理解过敏性和呼吸道疾病所涉及机制的重要模型。此外，城市化以及随之而来的农村环境减少，很可能解释了过去50年中观察到的过敏患病率上升现象。
