1992-2002 年美国困境城市的儿童健康结果：不关闭差距的提升船只。
Lifting boats without closing gaps: child health outcomes in distressed US cities from 1992-2002.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2011 Feb;101(2):278-84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.194761. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
OBJECTIVES
We compared cause-specific mortality and birth rates for children and youths aged younger than 18 years in 100 US cities from 1992 through 2002.
METHODS
We used 5 census indicators to categorize the 100 most populous US cities in 1990 as economically distressed or nondistressed. We used Poisson regression to calculate rate ratios for cause-specific mortality and birth rates, comparing distressed cities to nondistressed cities overall and by race/ethnicity from 1992 through 2002. We also calculated rates of change in these variables within each city over this period.
RESULTS
Despite improvements in health for the study population in all cities, disparities between city groups held steady or widened over the study period. Gaps in outcomes between Whites and Blacks persisted across all cities. Living in a distressed city compounded the disparities in poor outcomes for Black children and youths.
CONCLUSIONS
A strong national economy during the study period may have facilitated improvements in health outcomes for children and youths in US cities, but these benefits did not close gaps between distressed and nondistressed cities.
目的
我们比较了 1992 年至 2002 年期间美国 100 个城市中年龄在 18 岁以下的儿童和青少年的特定病因死亡率和出生率。
方法
我们使用了 5 项人口普查指标，将 1990 年美国人口最多的 100 个城市划分为经济贫困或非贫困城市。我们使用泊松回归比较了贫困城市和非贫困城市的特定病因死亡率和出生率比率，同时按种族/民族比较了 1992 年至 2002 年的死亡率和出生率。我们还计算了在此期间每个城市这些变量的变化率。
结果
尽管所有城市的研究人群的健康状况都有所改善，但城市群体之间的差距在研究期间保持稳定或扩大。所有城市的白人和黑人之间的结果差距仍然存在。生活在贫困城市会加剧黑人儿童和青少年不良结果的差距。
结论
研究期间美国强劲的国民经济可能促进了城市中儿童和青少年健康状况的改善，但这些好处并没有缩小贫困和非贫困城市之间的差距。
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