Gruenbaum B F, Jotkowitz A
Jakobovits Center for Jewish Medical Ethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Transplant Proc. 2010 Dec;42(10):4475-8. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.146.
There is a worldwide shortage of organs for transplantation; the number of patients on the waiting list exceeds the supply of available organs. The demand for organ donation is particularly concerning in Israel. A new Israeli law has been instituted to give those who sign donor cards allocation priority if they are ever in need of an organ transplant themselves. A number of variations on this paradigm that considers the willingness of patients to donate their own organs have since been proposed; however, the new Israeli policy for organ donation is the first time such a law has been implemented nationally. Prioritization of organ allocation to donors comes with a significant moral and ethical debate, and since its implementation in January 2010 there has been much controversy surrounding the new policy. This article provides a description of the new Israeli plan, specifically focusing on the practical, moral, and ethical debates surrounding the new system.
全球范围内器官移植供体短缺；等待移植的患者数量超过了可用器官的供应。器官捐赠需求在以色列尤其令人担忧。以色列制定了一项新法律，规定那些签署捐赠卡的人如果自己需要器官移植，将获得分配优先权。此后，有人提出了一些考虑患者捐赠自身器官意愿的这种模式的变体；然而，以色列新的器官捐赠政策是首次在全国范围内实施这样的法律。将器官分配优先给予捐赠者引发了重大的道德和伦理辩论，自2010年1月实施以来，围绕这项新政策一直存在诸多争议。本文介绍了以色列的新计划，特别关注围绕新系统的实际、道德和伦理辩论。
