Identification of the pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in platelets, megakaryocytes, and human erythroleukemia cells.

Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins, or G proteins, mediate the interaction of agonist receptors on the platelet surface with phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. To better understand this process, we have used several approaches to identify which G proteins are present in platelets, normal human megakaryocytes, and human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells, a leukemic cell line with megakaryocytic features. Because platelet and HEL cell responses to thrombin are inhibited by pertussis toxin, we have focused upon the members of the Gi family, whose alpha subunits can be ADP-ribosylated by that toxin. Western blots with antisera specific for Gi alpha demonstrated the presence in both platelets and HEL cells of the three best-described forms of this protein: Gi alpha 1, Gi alpha 2, and Gi alpha 3. Based upon immunoprecipitation studies with [35S]-methionine-labeled HEL cells, their relative abundance appears to be Gi alpha 2 much greater than Gi alpha 3 greater than Gi alpha 1. A HEL cell cDNA library screened with the Gi alpha antisera produced clones encoding Gi alpha 2 and Gi alpha 3 that had sequences similar to those reported from other sources. Gi alpha-specific probes created from these cDNA clones confirmed the presence of mRNA encoding Gi alpha 2 and Gi alpha 3 in both platelets (by Northern blotting) and megakaryocytes (by in situ hybridization). Thus the pertussis toxin substrates that have previously been detected in platelets and HEL cells are shown to be members of the Gi alpha family, all of which are candidates for interaction with receptors for thrombin and other agonists.