Takasaki Yoshito
University of Tsukuba.
Econ Dev Cult Change. 2011;59(2):387-416. doi: 10.1086/657126.
This article investigates the targeting of cyclone relief within villages in Fiji. It focuses on how relief allocation is linked with informal risk sharing and elite capture, both of which are directly related to kinship. The results are as follows. First, food aid is initially targeted toward kin groups according to their aggregate shocks and then shared among group members. Right after the cyclone, when aid is scarce, households with damage to their housing and with greater crop damage are allocated less aid within the group. Instead, they receive greater net private transfers in other forms, especially in labor sharing. Consistent patterns are found in village, cropping, and housing rehabilitations. Second, there is no elite capture of food aid in the kin group, and instead, traditional kin leaders share food with others; however, non-kin-based community leaders capture aid when it is allocated across kin groups. Third, distinct from food aid demanded by all, tarpaulins demanded by victims only strongly target individual housing damage at the village level—not the kin group—independent of social status. As with food aid, victims with greater crop damage are given a lower priority. Implications for relief policies are discussed.
本文研究了斐济村庄内气旋灾害救援的目标定位。它聚焦于救援物资分配如何与非正式风险分担及精英俘获相关联，而这两者都与亲属关系直接相关。研究结果如下。首先，粮食援助最初根据亲属群体的总体受灾情况分配给他们，然后在群体成员间共享。气旋过后，在援助稀缺时，住房受损且作物受损更严重的家庭在群体内获得的援助较少。相反，他们以其他形式获得更多的净私人转移，尤其是劳动力共享方面。在村庄、作物种植和住房修复方面都发现了一致的模式。其次，亲属群体中不存在对粮食援助的精英俘获，相反，传统的亲属领袖会与他人分享食物；然而，基于非亲属关系的社区领袖在跨亲属群体分配援助时会俘获援助。第三，与所有人都需要的粮食援助不同，受害者所需的防水油布仅在村庄层面强烈针对个人住房受损情况——而非亲属群体——且与社会地位无关。与粮食援助一样，作物受损更严重的受害者获得的优先级较低。文中还讨论了对救援政策的影响。
