A variant of arrestin-1 binds rod outer segment membranes in a light-independent manner.

A 50-kDa-polypeptide band peripherally bound to retinal rod outer segment (ROS) membranes was purified by anion-exchange chromatography. When the 50-kDa protein was compared with purified arrestin-1, it was observed that: (1) both proteins comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and were recognized by either anti-50-kDa protein polyclonal antibodies or anti-arrestin-1 monoclonal antibodies; (2) protein fragments and peptide fingerprint maps obtained following limited and complete proteolysis with specific proteases were very similar for both molecules; and (3) several chromatographically-purified tryptic peptides from the 50-kDa protein possessed the same amino acid composition as tryptic peptides deduced from the reported arrestin-1 primary structure. Consequently, arrestin-1 and the purified 50-kDa protein must correspond to variants of the same molecule. However, in contrast to arrestin-1 that associated to the ROS membranes only in the presence of light and ATP, the 50-kDa protein interacted with the ROS membranes in a light-independent manner, either in the presence or absence of ATP. These results clearly established that phosphorylated and illuminated rhodopsin is not the membrane anchor for this variant of arrestin-1.