Department of Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Jan;66 Suppl 1:i5-14. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq437.
Invasive fungal diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Patients with haematological malignancies and solid cancers, as well as those with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplants, are at high risk of developing such an infection. Many fungi can cause invasive disease, with Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. being the prevalent fungal pathogens infecting susceptible patients. During the past few years, rare moulds (for example Zygomycetes and Fusarium spp.) have come into focus as the cause of devastating clinical disease. This review aims to analyse environmental factors and parameters related to impairment of the immune system that are thought to favour the onset of invasive mould infections. Some moulds are quite common among all categories of patients, while others appear to be limited to a given subset of patients, such as allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplant recipients. In addition to an exploration of factors that predispose patients to the acquisition of an invasive mould infection, prognostic factors that help to predict the eventual outcome of these infections are identified.
侵袭性真菌感染是免疫功能低下患者发病和死亡的重要原因。血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤患者，以及异基因造血干细胞和实体器官移植患者，均有发生此类感染的高风险。许多真菌均可导致侵袭性疾病，曲霉菌属和假丝酵母菌属是侵袭性感染的主要真菌病原体。在过去几年中，罕见的霉菌（例如接合菌和镰刀菌属）已成为引起破坏性临床疾病的关注焦点。本综述旨在分析环境因素和与免疫系统受损相关的参数，这些因素被认为有利于侵袭性霉菌感染的发生。一些霉菌在所有类型的患者中都很常见，而另一些霉菌似乎仅局限于特定的患者亚群，如异基因造血干细胞或实体器官移植受者。除了探讨使患者易患侵袭性霉菌感染的因素外，还确定了有助于预测这些感染最终结果的预后因素。
