Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
J Hypertens. 2011 Mar;29(3):409-14. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328341a429.
Chromogranin A (CHGA) is a secretory protein stored in and released from neurons and cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Cells of the adrenal medulla and adrenergic terminals are a main source of CHGA but also myocardial cells produce it under stress conditions. After secretion, CHGA is cleaved into several biologically active fragments, including vasostatins and catestatin. CHGA and its proteolytic peptides exert a broad spectrum of activities on the cardiovascular system. They act on blood pressure by controlling the vascular tone and the cardiac inotropic and chronotropic function. CHGA revealed to be a sensitive marker of myocardial dysfunction, with a high predictive power of morbidity and mortality in heart failure and ischemic heart disease. In addition, CHGA has been involved in the control of sustained endothelial inflammation and has been shown to be a good marker of persistent vascular inflammation in rheumatologic disorders affecting vessels.
嗜铬粒蛋白 A（CHGA）是一种储存在神经元和弥散神经内分泌系统细胞中并从中释放的分泌蛋白。肾上腺髓质细胞和肾上腺素能末梢是 CHGA 的主要来源，但心肌细胞在应激条件下也会产生 CHGA。分泌后，CHGA 被切割成几种具有生物活性的片段，包括血管抑肽和卡替肽。CHGA 和其蛋白水解肽对心血管系统发挥广泛的作用。它们通过控制血管张力以及心脏变力性和变时性功能来作用于血压。CHGA 被证明是心肌功能障碍的敏感标志物，在心衰和缺血性心脏病中具有高的发病率和死亡率的预测能力。此外，CHGA 参与了持续的内皮炎症的控制，并已被证明是影响血管的风湿性疾病中持续血管炎症的良好标志物。
