非裔美国人和白人在癌症风险因素方面的差异综述：前列腺癌。
A review of African American-white differences in risk factors for cancer: prostate cancer.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, CB #7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
出版信息
Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Mar;22(3):341-57. doi: 10.1007/s10552-010-9712-5. Epub 2010 Dec 24.
OBJECTIVE
African American men have higher prostate cancer incidence rates than White men, for reasons not completely understood. This review summarizes the existing literature of race-specific associations between risk factors and prostate cancer in order to examine whether associations differ.
METHODS
We reviewed epidemiologic studies published between January 1970 and December 2008 that reported race-specific effect estimates. We focused mainly on modifiable risk factors related to lifestyle and health. A total of 37 articles from 21 study populations met our inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
We found no evidence of racial differences in associations between prostate cancer and alcohol intake, tobacco use, and family history of prostate cancer. Research suggests that a modest positive association may exist between height and prostate cancer risk (all prostate cancer and advanced prostate cancer) among Whites only. No clear patterns were observed for associations with physical activity, weight/body mass index, dietary factors, occupational history, sexual behavior, sexually transmissible infections, and other health conditions.
DISCUSSION
Our results suggest few differences in prostate cancer risk factors exist between racial groups and underscore areas where additional research is needed. Future studies should enroll higher numbers of African American participants and report results for advanced prostate cancer.
目的
非裔美国男性的前列腺癌发病率高于白种人，但具体原因尚不完全清楚。本综述总结了现有关于风险因素与前列腺癌之间种族特异性关联的文献，以检查这些关联是否存在差异。
方法
我们回顾了 1970 年 1 月至 2008 年 12 月期间发表的、报告种族特异性效应估计值的流行病学研究。我们主要关注与生活方式和健康相关的可改变的风险因素。共有来自 21 个研究人群的 37 篇文章符合我们的纳入标准。
结果
我们没有发现前列腺癌与饮酒、吸烟和前列腺癌家族史之间的关联存在种族差异的证据。研究表明，身高与白人的前列腺癌（所有前列腺癌和晚期前列腺癌）风险之间可能存在适度的正相关。在体力活动、体重/体重指数、饮食因素、职业史、性行为、性传播感染和其他健康状况等方面，没有观察到明确的关联模式。
讨论
我们的结果表明，不同种族群体之间的前列腺癌风险因素差异不大，强调了需要进一步研究的领域。未来的研究应该招募更多的非裔美国参与者，并报告晚期前列腺癌的结果。
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