Demir Murat, Makineci Ender, Comez Aydin, Yilmaz Ersel
Department of Forest Construction and Transportation, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, Bahcekoy, Sariyer- 34473, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Environ Biol. 2010 Jul;31(4):477-82.
In this study, long-term timber skidding effects on herbaceous understory forest floor and soil were investigated on a skid road in a stand of the eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). For this purpose, herbaceous understory forest floor and soil samples were collected from the skid road and from an undisturbed area used as a control plot. The mass (kg ha(-1)) of herbaceous and forest floor samples was determined, and soil characteristics were examined at two depths (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm). We quantified sand, silt and clay content, as well as bulk density compaction, pH, and organic carbon content in soil samples. The quantities of N, K, P, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were determined in all herbaceous cover forest floor and soil samples. The quantities of Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in herbaceous understory samples from the skid road were considerably higher than those in the undisturbed area, while the quantity of Mg was considerably lower. These differences could have been caused by decreased herbaceous cover in addition to variations in the properties of the forest floor and soil after skidding. A lower amount of forest floor on the skid road was the result of skidding and harvesting activities. Mg and Zn contents in forest floor samples were found to be considerably lower for the skid road than for the undisturbed area. No significant differences were found in soil chemical properties (quantities of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) at the 0-5 cm soil depth. Important differences exist between soil quantities of Mg at a 5-10 cm depth on the skid road and in undisturbed areas. Both 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil depths, the average penetrometer resistance values for the skid road was higher than for the undisturbed area. This result shows that the compaction caused by skidding is maintained to depth of 10 cm. Skid road soil showed higher bulk density values than undisturbed areas because of compaction.
在本研究中，我们在一片东方山毛榉（Fagus orientalis Lipsky）林分的集材道上，调查了长期木材集材作业对林下草本植物层、林地地面及土壤的影响。为此，从集材道和用作对照样地的未受干扰区域采集了林下草本植物层、林地地面及土壤样本。测定了草本植物层和林地地面样本的质量（kg ha(-1)），并在两个深度（0 - 5厘米和5 - 10厘米）检测了土壤特性。我们对土壤样本中的砂、粉砂和黏土含量，以及容重压实度、pH值和有机碳含量进行了量化。测定了所有草本覆盖的林地地面及土壤样本中的氮、钾、磷、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌和铜的含量。集材道林下草本植物层样本中的钠、铁、锌、铜和锰含量显著高于未受干扰区域，而镁含量则显著较低。这些差异可能是由于集材后草本覆盖减少以及林地地面和土壤性质变化所致。集材道上林地地面较少是集材和采伐活动的结果。发现集材道林地地面样本中的镁和锌含量显著低于未受干扰区域。在0 - 5厘米土壤深度处，土壤化学性质（氮、磷、钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰的含量）未发现显著差异。集材道和未受干扰区域在5 - 10厘米深度处的土壤镁含量存在重要差异。在0 - 5厘米和5 - 10厘米土壤深度处，集材道的平均贯入阻力值均高于未受干扰区域。这一结果表明，集材造成的压实作用可维持到10厘米深度。由于压实作用，集材道土壤的容重值高于未受干扰区域。
