University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2011 Apr;58(4):868-75. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2010.2097598. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
Three-dimensional (3-D) mapping of the ventricular activation is of importance to better understand the mechanisms and facilitate management of ventricular arrhythmias. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a 3-D cardiac electrical imaging (3DCEI) approach for imaging myocardial electrical activation from the intracavitary electrograms (EGs) and heart-torso geometry information over the 3-D volume of the heart. The 3DCEI was evaluated in a swine model undergoing intracavitary noncontact mapping (NCM). Each animal's preoperative MRI data were acquired to construct the heart-torso model. NCM was performed with the Ensite 3000 system during acute ventricular pacing. Subsequent 3DCEI analyses were performed on the measured intracavitary EGs. The estimated initial sites (ISs) were compared to the precise pacing locations, and the estimated activation sequences (ASs) and EGs were compared to those recorded by the NCM system over the endocardial surface. In total, six ventricular sites from two pigs were paced. The averaged localization error of IS was 6.7 ± 2.6 mm. The endocardial ASs and EGs as a subset of the estimated 3-D solutions were consistent with those reconstructed from the NCM system. The present results demonstrate that the intracavitary-recording-based 3DCEI approach can well localize the sites of initiation and can obtain physiologically reasonable ASs as well as EGs in an in vivo setting under control/paced conditions. This study suggests the feasibility of tomographic imaging of 3-D ventricular activation and 3-D EGs from intracavitary recordings.
三维（3-D）心室激动图对于更好地理解机制和促进心室心律失常的管理很重要。本研究的目的是开发和评估一种从心腔内电图（EGs）和心脏-胸廓几何信息在心脏的 3-D 容积中成像心肌电激动的三维心脏电成像（3DCEI）方法。在进行心腔内非接触式标测（NCM）的猪模型中评估了 3DCEI。获取每个动物的术前 MRI 数据以构建心脏-胸廓模型。在急性心室起搏期间使用 Ensite 3000 系统进行 NCM。随后在测量的心腔内 EGs 上进行 3DCEI 分析。将估计的初始部位（IS）与精确起搏位置进行比较，将估计的激活序列（AS）和 EGs 与 NCM 系统在心内膜表面记录的结果进行比较。总共对来自两只猪的六个心室部位进行起搏。IS 的平均定位误差为 6.7 ± 2.6mm。作为估计的 3-D 解的子集的心内膜 AS 和 EGs 与从 NCM 系统重建的结果一致。本研究结果表明，基于心腔内记录的 3DCEI 方法可以很好地定位起始部位，并在控制/起搏条件下在体内环境中获得生理上合理的 AS 和 EGs。这项研究表明了从心腔内记录进行 3-D 心室激动和 3-D EGs 断层成像的可行性。
