染色体与癌细胞。
Chromosomes and cancer cells.
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 405 Remsen Building, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
出版信息
Chromosome Res. 2011 Apr;19(3):433-44. doi: 10.1007/s10577-010-9179-y.
Two prominent features of cancer cells are abnormal numbers of chromosomes (aneuploidy) and large-scale structural rearrangements of chromosomes. These chromosome aberrations are caused by genomic instabilities inherent to most cancers. Aneuploidy arises through chromosomal instability (CIN) by the persistent loss and gain of whole chromosomes. Chromosomal rearrangements occur through chromosome structure instability (CSI) as a consequence of improper repair of DNA damage. The mechanisms that cause CIN and CSI differ, but the phenotypic consequences of aneuploidy and chromosomal rearrangements may overlap considerably. Both CIN and CSI are associated with advanced stage tumors with increased invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy, indicating that targeted inhibition of these instabilities might slow tumor growth. Here, we review recent efforts that define the mechanisms and consequences of CIN and CSI.
癌细胞的两个突出特征是染色体数目异常（非整倍体）和染色体的大规模结构重排。这些染色体畸变是由大多数癌症固有的基因组不稳定性引起的。非整倍体通过染色体不稳定性（CIN）通过持续丢失和获得整个染色体而产生。染色体重排通过染色体结构不稳定性（CSI）发生，作为 DNA 损伤不当修复的后果。导致 CIN 和 CSI 的机制不同，但非整倍体和染色体重排的表型后果可能有很大重叠。CIN 和 CSI 均与侵袭性增加和化疗耐药的晚期肿瘤相关，表明靶向抑制这些不稳定性可能会减缓肿瘤生长。在这里，我们回顾了最近定义 CIN 和 CSI 机制和后果的努力。
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