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再思考怀旧高峰:儿童的预期生活故事在青年期出现高峰。

The reminiscence bump reconsidered: children's prospective life stories show a bump in young adulthood.

机构信息

Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Nobelparken, Jens Chr. Skousvej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

出版信息

Psychol Sci. 2011 Feb;22(2):197-202. doi: 10.1177/0956797610395394. Epub 2010 Dec 30.

Abstract

The reminiscence bump-the reporting of more memories from young adulthood than from other stages of life-is considered a hallmark of autobiographical memory research. The most prevalent explanations for this effect assume that events in young adulthood are favored because of the way they are encoded and maintained in long-term memory. Here we show that a similar increase of events in early adulthood is found when children narrate their personal futures. In Study 1, children wrote their future life stories. The events in these life stories were mostly life-script events, and their distribution showed a clear bump in young adulthood. In Study 2, children were prompted by word cues to write down events from their future lives. The events generated consisted mostly of non-life-script events, and those events did not show a bump in young adulthood. Our findings challenge prevailing explanations of the reminiscence bump and suggest that the cultural life script forms an overarching organizational principle for autobiographical memories and future representations across the life span.

摘要

记忆高峰——报告称年轻人比其他年龄段有更多的记忆——被认为是自传体记忆研究的一个标志。对于这种效应,最普遍的解释假设,年轻人时期的事件之所以受到青睐,是因为它们在长期记忆中的编码和保持方式。在这里,我们表明,当儿童讲述自己的未来时,也会发现类似的事件在早期成年期增加。在研究 1 中,儿童撰写了他们未来的生活故事。这些生活故事中的事件主要是生活脚本事件,它们的分布在年轻成年期出现明显的高峰。在研究 2 中,孩子们被单词提示提示写下他们未来生活中的事件。生成的事件主要是非生活脚本事件,这些事件在年轻成年期没有出现高峰。我们的发现挑战了记忆高峰的流行解释,并表明文化生活脚本形成了贯穿整个生命周期的自传体记忆和未来表现的总体组织原则。

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