Koppel Jonathan, Berntsen Dorthe
a Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences , Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.
Memory. 2016;24(1):44-62. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2014.985233. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
The reminiscence bump has been found for both autobiographical memories and memories of public events. However, there have been few comparisons of the bump across each type of event. In the current study, therefore, we compared the bump for autobiographical memories versus the bump for memories of public events. We did so between-subjects, through two cueing methods administered within-subjects, the cue word method and the important memories method. For word-cued memories, we found a similar bump from ages 5 to 19 for both types of memories. However, the bump was more pronounced for autobiographical memories. For most important memories, we found a bump from ages 20 to 29 in autobiographical memory, but little discernible age pattern for public events. Rather, specific public events (e.g., the Fall of the Berlin Wall) dominated recall, producing a chronological distribution characterised by spikes in citations according to the years these events occurred. Follow-up analyses suggested that the bump in most important autobiographical memories was a function of the cultural life script. Our findings did not yield support for any of the dominant existing accounts of the bump as underlying the bump in word-cued memories.
人们发现，自传体记忆和公共事件记忆都存在记忆隆起现象。然而，针对这两类事件的记忆隆起现象进行比较的研究却很少。因此，在本研究中，我们比较了自传体记忆的记忆隆起与公共事件记忆的记忆隆起。我们采用被试间设计，通过在被试内实施的两种线索提示方法，即线索词方法和重要记忆方法来进行比较。对于由词线索引发的记忆，我们发现两种记忆类型在5岁至19岁之间都有类似的记忆隆起。然而，自传体记忆的记忆隆起更为明显。对于最重要的记忆，我们发现在自传体记忆中20岁至29岁之间存在记忆隆起，但公共事件记忆中几乎没有明显的年龄模式。相反，特定的公共事件（如柏林墙倒塌）主导了回忆，根据这些事件发生的年份，产生了一个以引用次数峰值为特征的时间顺序分布。后续分析表明，最重要的自传体记忆中的记忆隆起是文化生活脚本的作用。我们的研究结果并不支持现有的任何关于词线索记忆中记忆隆起的主导解释。
