Chung Rosa, Foster Bruce K, Xian Cory J
Discipline of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2011 Jan 1;3(1):117-25. doi: 10.2741/s137.
The growth plate is responsible for longitudinal growth of children's long bones. However, being a cartilaginous tissue, the growth plate has a limited ability for regeneration and thus injured growth plate is often repaired by bony tissue resulting in bone growth defects of the involved limb. Understanding the pathophysiology of growth plate bony repair and developing preventative treatments remain a challenge. This review discusses previous and recent studies investigating growth plate injury responses and repair mechanisms in a rat tibial growth plate injury model. Following an injury, inflammatory, fibrogenic, osteogenic and bone-bridge maturation repair phases have been observed on days 1-3, 3-7, 7-14 and 10 onwards, respectively. Important roles of several growth factors and cytokines (such as PDGF-BB, FGF-2, TNF-alpha? and IL-1beta) have been highlighted, regulating different phases of growth plate injury repair. Studies have also shown that while intramembranous ossification is the major mechanism responsible for the bony repair, endochondral ossification, to a lesser extent, also plays a role. Further understanding of the growth plate injury responses and bony repair mechanisms is still required.
生长板负责儿童长骨的纵向生长。然而，作为一种软骨组织，生长板的再生能力有限，因此受伤的生长板通常由骨组织修复，导致受累肢体出现骨生长缺陷。了解生长板骨修复的病理生理学并开发预防性治疗方法仍然是一项挑战。这篇综述讨论了之前和最近在大鼠胫骨生长板损伤模型中研究生长板损伤反应和修复机制的研究。受伤后，分别在第1 - 3天、3 - 7天、7 - 14天和10天之后观察到炎症、纤维生成、成骨和骨桥成熟修复阶段。几种生长因子和细胞因子（如血小板衍生生长因子 - BB、成纤维细胞生长因子 - 2、肿瘤坏死因子 - α和白细胞介素 - 1β）的重要作用已得到强调，它们调节生长板损伤修复的不同阶段。研究还表明，虽然膜内成骨是骨修复的主要机制，但软骨内成骨在较小程度上也起作用。仍需要进一步了解生长板损伤反应和骨修复机制。
