Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2011 Nov;86(4):813-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00172.x. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
A life-history trade-off exists between flight capability and reproduction in many wing dimorphic insects: a long-winged morph is flight-capable at the expense of reproduction, while a short-winged morph cannot fly, is less mobile, but has greater reproductive output. Using meta-analyses, I investigated specific questions regarding this trade-off. The trade-off in females was expressed primarily as a later onset of egg production and lower fecundity in long-winged females relative to short-winged females. Although considerably less work has been done with males, the trade-off exists for males among traits primarily related to mate acquisition. The trade-off can potentially be mitigated in males, as long-winged individuals possess an advantage in traits that can offset the costs of flight capability such as a shorter development time. The strength and direction of trends differed significantly among insect orders, and there was a relationship between the strength and direction of trends with the relative flight capabilities between the morphs. I discuss how the trade-off might be both under- and overestimated in the literature, especially in light of work that has examined two relevant aspects of wing dimorphic species: (1) the effect of flight-muscle histolysis on reproductive investment; and (2) the performance of actual flight by flight-capable individuals.
在许多翼二型昆虫中，生活史存在着飞行能力和繁殖之间的权衡：长翅型能够飞行，但繁殖能力受到影响，而短翅型不能飞行，行动能力较差，但繁殖能力较强。我使用荟萃分析来研究这个权衡的具体问题。在雌性中，这种权衡主要表现为长翅型雌虫产卵开始时间较晚，相对于短翅型雌虫而言产卵量和繁殖力较低。虽然对雄性的研究要少得多，但雄性在与获得配偶相关的特征上存在着这种权衡。在雄性中，这种权衡可能会被缓解，因为长翅型个体在一些特征上具有优势，这些特征可以抵消飞行能力的成本，例如较短的发育时间。昆虫目之间的趋势强度和方向差异显著，并且趋势的强度和方向与形态之间的相对飞行能力之间存在关系。我讨论了这种权衡在文献中可能被低估或高估的情况，特别是在考虑到对翼二型物种的两个相关方面的研究时：（1）飞行肌肉溶解对生殖投资的影响；以及（2）具有飞行能力的个体实际飞行的表现。
