School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2011 Nov;29(Pt 4):783-805. doi: 10.1348/2044-835X.002008. Epub 2010 Nov 29.
The impact of novel labels on visual processing was investigated across two experiments with infants aged between 9 and 21 months. Infants viewed pairs of images across a series of preferential looking trials. On each trial, one image was novel, and the other image had previously been viewed by the infant. Some infants viewed images in silence; other infants viewed images accompanied by novel labels. The pattern of fixations both across and within trials revealed that infants in the labelling condition took longer to develop a novelty preference than infants in the silent condition. Our findings contrast with prior research by Robinson and Sloutsky (e.g., Robinson & Sloutsky, 2007a; Sloutsky & Robinson, 2008) who found that novel labels did not disrupt visual processing for infants aged over a year. Provided that overall task demands are sufficiently high, it appears that labels can disrupt visual processing for infants during the developmental period of establishing a lexicon. The results suggest that when infants are processing labels and objects, attentional resources are shared across modalities.
本研究通过两个实验考察了新颖标签对 9 至 21 个月大婴儿视觉加工的影响。在一系列偏好注视试验中，婴儿观看了一对图像。在每一次试验中，一张图像是新颖的，而另一张图像之前已经被婴儿看过。一些婴儿在观看图像时保持安静，而另一些婴儿在观看图像时则伴随着新颖的标签。跨试验和内试验的注视模式表明，在标签条件下的婴儿比在安静条件下的婴儿需要更长的时间来形成新颖偏好。我们的发现与罗宾逊和斯卢特斯基（例如，罗宾逊和斯卢特斯基，2007a；斯卢特斯基和罗宾逊，2008）之前的研究结果形成对比，他们发现新颖标签不会干扰一岁以上婴儿的视觉加工。只要整体任务需求足够高，标签似乎就会在婴儿建立词汇期干扰视觉加工。研究结果表明，当婴儿处理标签和物体时，注意力资源在不同模式之间共享。
