Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse, Salzburg, Austria.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2011;286:271-300. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385859-7.00006-9.
Abl nonreceptor tyrosine kinases are activated by multiple stimuli and regulate cytoskeletal reorganization, cell proliferation, survival, and stress responses. Several downstream pathways have direct impact on physiological processes, including development and maintenance of the nervous and immune systems and epithelial morphogenesis. Recent studies also indicated that numerous viral and bacterial pathogens highjack Abl signaling for different purposes. Abl kinases are activated to reorganize the host actin cytoskeleton and promote the direct tyrosine phosphorylation of viral surface proteins and injected bacterial type-III and type-IV effector molecules. However, Abl kinases also play other roles in infectious processes of bacteria, viruses, and prions. These activities have crucial impact on microbial invasion and release from host cells, actin-based motility, pedestal formation, as well as cell-cell dissociation involved in epithelial barrier disruption and other responses. Thus, Abl kinases exhibit important functions in pathological signaling during microbial infections. Here, we discuss the different signaling pathways activated by pathogens and highlight possible therapeutic intervention strategies.
Abl 非受体酪氨酸激酶可被多种刺激激活，并调节细胞骨架重组、细胞增殖、存活和应激反应。一些下游途径对生理过程有直接影响，包括神经系统和免疫系统的发育和维持以及上皮形态发生。最近的研究还表明，许多病毒和细菌病原体劫持 Abl 信号转导以达到不同的目的。Abl 激酶被激活以重组宿主肌动蛋白细胞骨架，并促进病毒表面蛋白和注入的细菌 III 型和 IV 型效应分子的直接酪氨酸磷酸化。然而， Abl 激酶在细菌、病毒和朊病毒的感染过程中也发挥其他作用。这些活性对微生物入侵和从宿主细胞中释放、基于肌动蛋白的运动、足垫形成以及涉及上皮屏障破坏和其他反应的细胞-细胞解离具有至关重要的影响。因此， Abl 激酶在微生物感染期间的病理信号转导中发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们讨论了病原体激活的不同信号通路，并强调了可能的治疗干预策略。
