Gregori S
Department of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Milan, Italy.
Tissue Antigens. 2011 Feb;77(2):89-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01615.x.
Dendritic cells (DC) represent pacemakers of the immune system because they play a major role as antigen-presenting cells in inducing adaptive immune responses on the one hand and are critically involved in promoting and maintaining immunological tolerance on the other. The latter function is mediated by specialized subsets of DC, named tolerogenic DC, as well as by DC activated or differentiated in the presence of specific biological or chemical agents. Suppression by tolerogenic DC is primarily mediated via the induction of regulatory T (Tr) cells. In the present review, we will focus on human tolerogenic DC with the aim to: (1) describe subsets of human tolerogenic DC; (2) define the modes of in vitro induction of myeloid tolerogenic DC and their ability to induce Tr cells; (3) elucidate the role of tolerogenic DC in orchestrating tolerance induction in vivo; and (4) envisage the use of tolerogenic DC as therapeutic tool to trigger immunoregulatory mechanisms.
树突状细胞（DC）是免疫系统的起搏器，因为它们一方面作为抗原呈递细胞在诱导适应性免疫反应中发挥主要作用，另一方面在促进和维持免疫耐受方面也至关重要。后一种功能由称为耐受性DC的DC特殊亚群介导，以及在特定生物或化学因子存在下激活或分化的DC介导。耐受性DC的抑制主要通过诱导调节性T（Tr）细胞介导。在本综述中，我们将聚焦于人类耐受性DC，目的是：（1）描述人类耐受性DC的亚群；（2）定义髓样耐受性DC的体外诱导模式及其诱导Tr细胞的能力；（3）阐明耐受性DC在体内协调耐受性诱导中的作用；（4）设想将耐受性DC用作触发免疫调节机制的治疗工具。
