Kosakai N, Kumamoto Y, Hirose T, Tanaka N, Hikichi Y, Shigeta S, Shiraiwa Y, Yoshida H, Ogata M, Tazaki H
Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital.
Jpn J Antibiot. 1990 Jun;43(6):968-1136.
Sensitivity spectra of major species of bacteria (namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which were among the clinical isolates mentioned in the first and second reports to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents and time courses of the spectra are reported below. 1. E. coli was sensitive to cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefzonam (CZON) and flomoxef (FMOX) which are third generation cephems, carumonam (CRMN) which is a monobactam, imipenem (IPM) which is a carbapenem, ofloxacin (OFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) which are new quinolones. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, sensitivities to most drugs have increased. 2. Klebsiella spp. were sensitive to CMX, CZON and FMOX which are third generation cephem antibiotics, CRMN which is a monobactam and gentamicin (GM) and arbekacin (HBK) which are aminoglycosides. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, the sensitivity on the whole has increased slightly. 3. Proteus spp. were sensitive to CMX, LMOX, CAZ and CZON which are third generation cephems, CRMN, a monobactam and OFLX and CPFX which are new quinolones. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, increased sensitivities, particularly to parenteral cephems, were found. 4. Citrobacter spp. were sensitive to CPFX which is a new quinolone antibiotic and CRMN, a monobactam. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, the sensitivity as a whole increased but there were still strains against which cefotiam, cefmetazole and, cefoperazone (CPZ) showed high MIC values. 5. Enterobacter spp. were sensitive to OFLX and CPFX, which are new quinolones, IPM, a carbapenem, and GM and HBK which are aminoglycosides. Compared to other bacteria, bacteria of this group were less sensitive to CPZ, CAZ, CZON, and FMOX which are third generation cephems. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, slight increases in sensitivity were found in cases of simple urinary tract infections. 6. S. marcescens as a whole was not very sensitive to antibiotics tested. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, sensitivities to CRMN and minocycline improved slightly. 7. P. aeruginosa was not very sensitive to any drug, as other bacteria were. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, sensitivities to new quinolones OFLX and CPFX and carbapenem IPM decreased slightly.
在第一份和第二份报告中提及的临床分离菌中的主要细菌种类（即大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属、变形杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、肠杆菌属、粘质沙雷氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌）对各种抗菌剂和抗生素的敏感性谱及其谱随时间的变化过程如下所述。1. 大肠杆菌对第三代头孢菌素头孢甲肟（CMX）、拉氧头孢（LMOX）、头孢他啶（CAZ）、头孢唑南（CZON）和氟氧头孢（FMOX）、单环β-内酰胺类药物卡芦莫南（CRMN）、碳青霉烯类药物亚胺培南（IPM）、新型喹诺酮类药物氧氟沙星（OFLX）和环丙沙星（CPFX）敏感。与前一个5年时期相比，对大多数药物的敏感性有所增加。2. 克雷伯菌属对第三代头孢菌素抗生素CMX、CZON和FMOX、单环β-内酰胺类药物CRMN以及氨基糖苷类药物庆大霉素（GM）和阿贝卡星（HBK）敏感。与前一个5年时期相比，总体敏感性略有增加。3. 变形杆菌属对第三代头孢菌素CMX、LMOX、CAZ和CZON、单环β-内酰胺类药物CRMN以及新型喹诺酮类药物OFLX和CPFX敏感。与前一个5年时期相比，发现敏感性有所增加，尤其是对胃肠外使用的头孢菌素。4. 柠檬酸杆菌属对新型喹诺酮类抗生素CPFX和单环β-内酰胺类药物CRMN敏感。与前一个5年时期相比，总体敏感性有所增加，但仍有菌株对头孢替安、头孢美唑和头孢哌酮（CPZ）显示出高MIC值。5. 肠杆菌属对新型喹诺酮类药物OFLX和CPFX、碳青霉烯类药物IPM以及氨基糖苷类药物GM和HBK敏感。与其他细菌相比，该组细菌对第三代头孢菌素CPZ、CAZ、CZON和FMOX的敏感性较低。与前一个5年时期相比，单纯性尿路感染病例的敏感性略有增加。6. 总体而言，粘质沙雷氏菌对所测试的抗生素不太敏感。与前一个5年时期相比，对CRMN和米诺环素的敏感性略有改善。7. 铜绿假单胞菌不像其他细菌那样对任何药物敏感。与前一个5年时期相比，对新型喹诺酮类药物OFLX和CPFX以及碳青霉烯类药物IPM的敏感性略有下降。
