Dept of Botany and Ecology, Tartu University, 40 Lai St, Tartu EE2400, Estonia.
Trends Ecol Evol. 1997 Jul;12(7):266-9. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01096-3.
Explanations of the pattern of species have traditionally relied on small-scale, local processes occurring in ecological time. Differences in species richness have associated with different mechanisms avoiding competition, such as spatiotemporal heterogeneity (weaker competitors may find a more favourable place or time) or environmental stress (competition is assumed to be less intensive under difficult conditions). More recently, large-scale process have been taken into account, raising such questions as: which plant species may potentially grow in a certain community? Are evolutionary processes and species dispersal responsible for the differences between communities? The species-pool theory attempts to answer these general questions, and information about species pools is needed for the design of experiments where the number of species in a community is manipulated.
物种模式的解释传统上依赖于发生在生态时间尺度上的小规模、局部过程。物种丰富度的差异与避免竞争的不同机制有关，例如时空异质性（较弱的竞争者可能会找到一个更有利的地点或时间）或环境胁迫（在困难条件下，竞争被认为不那么激烈）。最近，人们开始考虑大规模的过程，提出了这样的问题：哪些植物物种可能在某个群落中生长？进化过程和物种扩散是否是群落之间差异的原因？物种库理论试图回答这些一般问题，并且在设计实验时需要有关物种库的信息，在这些实验中，群落中的物种数量被人为操纵。
