Aykurt Candan, Özkan Kürşad, Gülben Mertcan, Şentürk Özdemir, Berberoğlu Emirhan, Türkan Semra, Öz Zeynep, Göktürk Ramazan Süleyman, Akgül Hasan, Günaydın Sinem, Görgöz Muhammet Murat
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Akdeniz University Antalya Turkiye.
Faculty of Forestry, Department of Soil Science and Ecology Isparta University of Applied Sciences Isparta Turkiye.
Ecol Evol. 2025 May 7;15(5):e71354. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71354. eCollection 2025 May.
This study investigates the variation in functional diversity (FD), species diversity (SD), and endemicity across all Mediterranean-type vegetation belts (MVB) within a topographically complex mountainous refuge, focusing on their relationships with topographic and climatic factors. Microclimatic processes and mosaic habitats caused by topographic complexity increase the plant diversity of the area. This diversity is reflected in our study through the representation of different habitat types. The relationship of functional and species diversity with environmental parameters was also modeled and mapped within this study conducted with approximately 5550 records of 1017 plant taxa from 136 study plots. Functional diversity was measured using Rao's quadratic entropy, and alpha species diversity values were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index. Various regression models were trained and evaluated, and were assessed based on several statistical metrics. The final model selection, the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), was chosen based on its superior performance, ensuring the model not only fits the data well but also accurately predicts new data, thus optimizing both the validity and practical utility of the model. Our GAM results indicated that elevation is the most influential factor on diversity values, and that functional and species diversity curves show different trends with increasing elevation. Additionally, the topographic position index was identified as the most significant process affecting functional diversity in terms of "habitat filtering". In this context, the variation in functional diversity, species diversity, and endemism in mosaic habitats creates a mosaic of diversity. The results emphasize the importance of topographic complexity in maintaining biodiversity and highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies that prioritize areas with high functional diversity, such as the Meso-, Thermo-, and Supra- Mediterranean vegetation belts, alongside habitats with high endemicity, particularly in the Oro- and Cryoro- vegetation belts.
本研究调查了地形复杂的山区避难所内所有地中海型植被带（MVB）的功能多样性（FD）、物种多样性（SD）和特有性的变化，重点关注它们与地形和气候因素的关系。地形复杂性导致的微气候过程和镶嵌栖息地增加了该地区的植物多样性。这种多样性在我们的研究中通过不同栖息地类型的呈现得以体现。在这项研究中，还对功能多样性和物种多样性与环境参数的关系进行了建模和制图，该研究使用了来自136个研究地块的1017个植物分类群的约5550条记录。使用Rao二次熵测量功能多样性，并使用香农 - 维纳指数计算α物种多样性值。训练并评估了各种回归模型，并基于多个统计指标进行评估。最终模型选择为广义相加模型（GAM），因其卓越性能而被选中，确保该模型不仅能很好地拟合数据，还能准确预测新数据，从而优化模型的有效性和实际效用。我们的GAM结果表明，海拔是对多样性值影响最大的因素，并且功能多样性和物种多样性曲线随海拔升高呈现不同趋势。此外，就 “栖息地过滤” 而言，地形位置指数被确定为影响功能多样性的最重要过程。在此背景下，镶嵌栖息地中功能多样性、物种多样性和特有性的变化创造了一个多样性的镶嵌体。结果强调了地形复杂性在维持生物多样性方面的重要性，并突出了制定有针对性的保护策略的必要性，这些策略应优先考虑功能多样性高的区域，如中地中海植被带、暖地中海植被带和上地中海植被带，以及特有性高的栖息地，特别是在山地和寒地植被带。
