Wang Qi, Hou Yubo, Tang Huizhen, Wiprovnick Alicia
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Memory. 2011 Jan;19(1):103-9. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2010.537279.
There is considerable evidence that, when recalling past events, Westerners exhibit greater episodic specificity than East Asians and women exhibit greater episodic specificity than men. Yet it is unknown whether the same cultural and gender differences are true for future events. In the present study 209 European American and Chinese young adults were asked to recall past personal events and imagine future personal events occurring in varied time periods (i.e., 1 week, 1 year, 10-15 years). Regardless of time period, European Americans consistently produced more specific details than Chinese for future events than they did for past events, and women produced more specific details than men for both past and future events. These findings provide additional support for the constructive-episodic-simulation hypothesis, and shed new light on the influence of culture and gender on episodic thinking.
有大量证据表明，在回忆过去的事件时，西方人比东亚人表现出更高的情景特异性，女性比男性表现出更高的情景特异性。然而，对于未来事件，同样的文化和性别差异是否成立尚不清楚。在本研究中，209名欧美和中国的年轻人被要求回忆过去的个人事件，并想象在不同时间段（即1周、1年、10 - 15年）发生的未来个人事件。无论时间段如何，对于未来事件，欧美人始终比中国人回忆起更多具体细节，且在回忆过去和未来事件时，女性都比男性回忆起更多具体细节。这些发现为建构性情景模拟假说提供了更多支持，并为文化和性别对情景思维的影响提供了新的见解。
