Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Autophagy. 2011 May;7(5):533-5. doi: 10.4161/auto.7.5.14732. Epub 2011 May 1.
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that catabolizes intracellular components and maintains cellular homeostasis. Autophagy involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic content within a double-membraned autophagosome, and the fusion of the autophagosome with a lysosome to form an autolysosome for subsequent degradation (Fig. 1A). Autophagy plays a pivotal role in various aspects of cellular responses to stresses, such as nutrient deprivation, damaged organelles, aggregated proteins, exposure to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pathogen infections. Virus infection often leads to ER stress and induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent studies reveal that virus-induced UPR may activate autophagy to support the virus life cycle. However, the exact roles of the UPR and autophagy in host cell-virus interactions are still enigmatic.
自噬是一种进化上保守的过程，它可以分解细胞内的成分并维持细胞内环境的稳定。自噬涉及细胞质内容物被双层膜自噬体隔离，然后自噬体与溶酶体融合形成自溶酶体，以进行后续的降解（图 1A）。自噬在细胞对各种应激的反应中起着关键作用，如营养物质缺乏、细胞器损伤、蛋白质聚集、内质网（ER）应激和病原体感染等。病毒感染通常会导致 ER 应激和未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）的诱导。最近的研究表明，病毒诱导的 UPR 可能会激活自噬来支持病毒生命周期。然而，UPR 和自噬在宿主细胞-病毒相互作用中的确切作用仍然是个谜。
