Department of Sociology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Cult Health Sex. 2011 Apr;13(4):457-69. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2010.540082.
In most societies, heterosexuality is the dominant way of expressing sexuality and masculinity and those men outside of it are stigmatised and discriminated against. This paper explores the sexual lives of men who have sex with men and the personal and social conflicts that arise as they attempt to both live up to societal expectations and manage their sexual desires. It critically explores how an overriding heteronormativity structures and influences men's perception and understanding of sexuality and masculinity/femininity. The paper draws on data from 24 in-depth/life history interviews, one focus group discussion and ethnographic observation conducted between July 2006 and June 2007. The study reveals that powerful and dominating beliefs about heteronormativity and masculinity result in men who have sex with men dealing with a number of issues of personal conflict and contradiction resulting in uncertainty, resentment, ambivalence, worry and discomfort. Heteronormativity or the expectations of parents, community and society at large is far more influential on the sexuality of men who have sex with men than their own individual desires and needs. The paper concludes that there is little room for individuality for Ethiopian men who have sex with men with their sexual bodies 'belonging' to parents, families and to society at large.
在大多数社会中，异性恋是表达性取向和男子气概的主要方式，那些不符合这种模式的人会受到污名化和歧视。本文探讨了与男性发生性关系的男性的性生活，以及他们试图既要满足社会期望，又要管理自己的性欲望时所产生的个人和社会冲突。本文批判性地探讨了占主导地位的异性恋规范如何影响和影响男性对性和男性气质/女性气质的感知和理解。本文的数据来自于 2006 年 7 月至 2007 年 6 月期间进行的 24 次深入/生活史访谈、一次焦点小组讨论和民族志观察。研究表明，关于异性恋规范和男子气概的强烈而占主导地位的信念导致与男性发生性关系的男性在个人冲突和矛盾方面存在许多问题，从而导致不确定性、怨恨、矛盾心理、担忧和不适。异性恋规范或父母、社区和整个社会的期望对与男性发生性关系的男性的性取向的影响远远超过他们自己的个人欲望和需求。本文得出的结论是，埃塞俄比亚与男性发生性关系的男性几乎没有个人空间，他们的性身体“属于”父母、家庭和整个社会。
