Velickovic Zoran, Jankovic Dragan, Perovic Miodrag, Tiodorovic Branislav, Miljkovic Predrag, Rancic Natasa, Spasic Mihajlo
Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia.
Med Arh. 2010;64(4):235-9.
Vaccination is the fastest, most efficient and the cheapest measure to prevent communicable diseases. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the results of primary vaccination as well as the first revaccination by DPT,OPV and MMR vaccines.
Descriptive epidemiological study was used. The investigation was done in the Primary Health Center in Nis and it involved all the children who were born in 2000, 2001, 2006 and 2007.
A total number of 1863 vaccination records were examened. In the sample of examened records of children who were born in 2000 and 2001, there were 155 children (12.05%) who were vaccinated with different vaccines and according to the different vaccination schedules. The number of childern born in 2006 and 2007 was slightly higher and it was (14.70%). In the first group (children who were born in 2000 and 2001) there were 43 children (4.51%) who were not vaccinated (3 children haven't been vaccinated by DPT, and other 40 haven't been vaccinated by MMR). Similar situation was in the second group (children who were born in 2006 and 2007) in which 37 children (4.03%) haven't been vaccinated at all (3 of them by DPT and other 34 by MMR). In both observed groups DPT vaccine immunization started out late. 48.25% of children from the first group haven't been vaccinated with the first dose of DPT on time. 58.53% of children born in 2006 and 2007 haven't been vaccinated with the first dose of DPT on time. The first re-vaccination by DPT was also late in children born 2000 and 2001 (16.6% vs 45.36%). It was also delayed the first revaccination by MMR (10.3% vs 22.53%).
To achieve the expected effects should be vaccinated at least 95% of planned persons but also make timely vaccinations. While the main goal of immunization is to prevent illness and death, the overriding concern of any public health intervention must be "Primum non nocere".
A small number of post-vaccinal reactions is registered, and there haven't been registered cases of adverse events following immunization or serious reactions that would be contraindications for further immunization.
接种疫苗是预防传染病最快、最有效且最便宜的措施。本研究旨在评估百白破疫苗（DPT）、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）和麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合疫苗（MMR）的初次接种及首次复种效果。
采用描述性流行病学研究方法。研究在尼什市的初级卫生保健中心进行，纳入了2000年、2001年、2006年和2007年出生的所有儿童。
共检查了1863份疫苗接种记录。在2000年和2001年出生儿童的检查记录样本中，有155名儿童（12.05%）接种了不同疫苗且接种程序不同。2006年和2007年出生儿童的比例略高，为14.70%。在第一组（2000年和2001年出生的儿童）中，有43名儿童（4.51%）未接种疫苗（3名未接种百白破疫苗，40名未接种麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合疫苗）。第二组（2006年和2007年出生的儿童）情况类似，有37名儿童（4.03%）完全未接种疫苗（3名未接种百白破疫苗，34名未接种麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合疫苗）。在两个观察组中，百白破疫苗的免疫接种开始时间都较晚。第一组中48.25%的儿童未按时接种第一剂百白破疫苗。2006年和2007年出生的儿童中，58.53%未按时接种第一剂百白破疫苗。2000年和2001年出生儿童的百白破疫苗首次复种也较晚（分别为16.6%和45.36%）。麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合疫苗的首次复种也延迟了（分别为10.3%和22.53%）。
为达到预期效果，至少95%的计划接种人群应接种疫苗，且接种要及时。虽然免疫接种的主要目标是预防疾病和死亡，但任何公共卫生干预的首要关注点必须是“首要的是不伤害”。
记录到的疫苗接种后反应数量较少，未出现免疫接种后不良事件或严重反应的病例，这些反应不会成为进一步免疫接种的禁忌证。
