Musicante Mariana L, Salvo Adriana
Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba-Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal, F.C.E.F. y N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611-(X5016GCA)-Córdoba, Argentina.
Rev Biol Trop. 2010 Dec;58(4):1177-88. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v58i4.5403.
Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) (Crabronidae) wasps are solitary spider predators that can build their nests in artificial trap-nests, which enables study of their nesting architecture and biology. Twenty traps (each containing 15-30 internodes of cane) were placed in each of nine sites of Chaco Serrano Woodland in Central Argentina (Córdoba) in October 2005, and were recovered in June 2006. We obtained 91 nests of four species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). In the laboratory, each Trypoxylon nest was sectioned longitudinally to study its architecture. The number of brood cells was counted, and the occurrence and length of vestibular and intercalary cells and the pre-closing plug space were recorded. We measured the diameter of the cane entrance, total length of the nest, length of each brood cell, maximum thickness of mud partitions and closing plug thickness. We also recorded the cell contents: the wasps, their natural enemies and the prey spiders. Mortality was assessed and the sex ratio calculated for each species. Finally, the nests were examined to help clarify the function of the vestibular cell. The nest architecture was similar in the four species, with linear brood cells located one after the other separated by mud partitions, as in other species of the subgenus Trypargilum. Forty-eight percent of the nests had vestibular cells, but only two had intercalary cells. The thickness of the mud partitions and the length of the brood cells differed among species and were related to the size of the emerged wasp. The diameter of the nest entrance was directly related to the average length of the fore-tibia. Sex ratios of all species did not deviate from 0.5. Mortality due to parasitoids (Eulophidae; Melittobia sp.) was similar among species, while the mortality due to cuckoo wasps (Chrysididae) in T. lactitarse was higher than in the other species. The presence of vestibular cells was not related either to the mortality due to natural enemies or to the orientation of the trap in the field. Spiders in the family Araneidae were the most frequently collected prey.
刺胸泥蜂属（Trichospilus）（泥蜂科）的黄蜂是独居的蜘蛛捕食者，它们可以在人工诱捕巢中筑巢，这使得对其筑巢结构和生物学特性的研究成为可能。2005年10月，在阿根廷中部科尔多瓦省查科塞拉诺林地的9个地点，每个地点放置了20个诱捕器（每个诱捕器包含15 - 30个甘蔗节间），并于2006年6月回收。我们获得了4种刺胸泥蜂属（Trichospilus）的91个巢穴。在实验室中，每个刺胸泥蜂巢穴都纵向切开以研究其结构。统计育幼室的数量，记录前庭室和间插室的出现情况及长度以及封闭前塞空间。我们测量了甘蔗入口的直径、巢穴的总长度、每个育幼室的长度、泥隔板的最大厚度和封闭塞的厚度。我们还记录了巢室内容物：黄蜂、它们的天敌和猎物蜘蛛。评估了死亡率并计算了每个物种的性别比。最后，检查巢穴以帮助阐明前庭室的功能。这4种黄蜂的巢穴结构相似，育幼室呈线性排列，一个接一个，由泥隔板隔开，与刺胸泥蜂亚属的其他物种一样。48%的巢穴有前庭室，但只有两个有间插室。泥隔板的厚度和育幼室的长度在不同物种间有所不同，并且与羽化黄蜂的大小有关。巢穴入口的直径与前胫节的平均长度直接相关。所有物种的性别比均未偏离0.5。寄生物（姬小蜂科；Melittobia属）导致的死亡率在不同物种间相似，而在乳色刺胸泥蜂中，杜鹃蜂（金小蜂科）导致的死亡率高于其他物种。前庭室的存在与天敌导致的死亡率或野外诱捕器的方向均无关。园蛛科的蜘蛛是最常捕获的猎物。
