Torretta J P, Marrero H J
Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Univ de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Botánica General Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, Argentina.
Neotrop Entomol. 2019 Oct;48(5):779-787. doi: 10.1007/s13744-019-00696-3. Epub 2019 May 10.
Vertical stratification is known in diverse arthropod communities in forests, but little is known about nesting ecology of trap-nesting bees and wasps in Neotropical forests. We studied the vertical colonization of trap-nests by solitary bees and wasps in two forests in Argentina. We obtained 204 nests of seven bee and six wasp species, with 1040 brood cells from which 660 hosts and 32 parasites (21 parasitoid and 11 kleptoparasite) adults emerged from four groups (five species of wasps [Chrysididae, Eulophidae, and Ichneumonidae], four flies [Bombyliidae and Sarcophagidae], three bees [Apidae and Megachilidae], and one species of beetle [Meloidae]). The number of nests, reproductive success, parasitism rate, and mortality did not differ between canopy and understory, nor did the number of brood cells, emerged adults per trap-nest, and total abundance per transect. We found similar assemblages of trap-nesting bees and wasps in both forests, but contrary to our expectations, we did not find any significant difference in the analyzed variables. Our results suggest that access to resources used by trap-nesting bee and wasp females was at least similar, and/or that the microclimatic conditions were homogeneous in canopy and understory. Moreover, our results agree with those reported by some researchers but contrast with others, demonstrating the great variation in the response of bees and wasps nesting in preexisting cavities to vertical stratification in forests and the need for more studies about this topic.
垂直分层现象在森林中的各种节肢动物群落中都有发现，但对于新热带森林中陷阱巢蜂和黄蜂的筑巢生态学却知之甚少。我们研究了阿根廷两片森林中陷阱巢被独居蜂和黄蜂的垂直定殖情况。我们获得了7种蜜蜂和6种黄蜂的204个巢，其中有1040个育幼室，从这些育幼室中羽化出了660只宿主成虫和32只寄生虫（21只寄生性昆虫和11只盗寄生昆虫），它们分属于四个类群（5种黄蜂[青蜂科、姬小蜂科和姬蜂科]、4种蝇类[食蚜蝇科和麻蝇科]、3种蜜蜂[蜜蜂科和切叶蜂科]以及1种甲虫[芫菁科]）。树冠层和林下植被层在巢的数量、繁殖成功率、寄生率和死亡率方面没有差异，育幼室的数量、每个陷阱巢羽化出的成虫数量以及每个样带的总丰度也没有差异。我们在两片森林中发现了类似的陷阱巢蜂和黄蜂组合，但与我们的预期相反，我们在所分析的变量中没有发现任何显著差异。我们的结果表明，陷阱巢蜂和黄蜂雌性所利用的资源获取情况至少是相似的，和/或树冠层和林下植被层的微气候条件是均匀的。此外，我们的结果与一些研究人员的报告一致，但与另一些研究人员的结果相反，这表明在利用预先存在的洞穴筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂对森林垂直分层的反应方面存在很大差异，并且需要对这个主题进行更多的研究。
