Castaño Ana, Urrego Ligia, Bernal Gladys
Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, Calle 59 A No. 63-20, Autopista Norte.
Rev Biol Trop. 2010 Dec;58(4):1347-66.
The lagoon complex of Cispatá (old Sinú river delta) located at the Northwestern coast of the Colombian Caribbean, encloses one of the biggest mangrove areas in this region. This area has changed during the last 330 years because of several environmental and climatic causes, mainly changes in the position of the delta (Sinú River), which is the main freshwater source in this area, and sea level rise. We hypothesized that the climatic and geomorphologic dynamics has caused changes in the extension and composition of mangrove vegetation, especially during last 150 years. The dynamics of mangroves during the last 900 years was reconstructed based on the changes in the stratigraphy, pollen record, calcite concentrations (CaCO3) and C/N ratio, along two sediment cores from La Flotante and Navio lagoons, located in Cispatá complex. The age model was built based on lineal interpolation of 210Pb ages and changes in granulometry. Establishment and expansion of mangrove forests during the last 900 years were related to fluviomarine dynamics in the area and the lagoon formation. During the period encompassed between 1064 and 1762 A.D., the Mestizos spit was formed when marine conditions predominated in the surroundings of La Flotante Lagoon. At the site of Navío, a river dominated lagoon, terrigenous conditions dominated since 1830. Although the colonization of herbaceous pioneer vegetation started between 1142 and 1331 A.D., mangrove colonization only took place since 1717 A.D. Mangrove colonization was a result of the delta progradation. In 1849 A.D. the Sinú river delta migrated to the Cispatá bay. The eustatic sea level rise, the increase in river discharges and sedimentation rates produced the establishment of mangrove forests dominated by Rhizophora since 1849. Since 1900 a marine intrusion was recorded in both lagoons. In 1938, the migration of the delta toward its actual location in Tinajones gave place to the formation of the present lagoon system and to the expansion of mangrove forests, which reflects the balance between the high alluvial sediment input and the current sea level rise as has been recorded in similar ecosystems.
西斯帕塔（旧锡努河三角洲）的泻湖群位于哥伦比亚加勒比海的西北海岸，环绕着该地区最大的红树林区之一。在过去330年里，由于多种环境和气候原因，该地区发生了变化，主要是作为该地区主要淡水来源的三角洲（锡努河）位置的改变以及海平面上升。我们推测，气候和地貌动态变化导致了红树林植被范围和组成的变化，尤其是在过去150年里。基于位于西斯帕塔泻湖群的拉弗洛坦特和纳维奥泻湖两个沉积岩芯的地层变化、花粉记录、方解石浓度（CaCO₃）和碳氮比，重建了过去900年红树林的动态变化。年龄模型是基于对²¹⁰Pb年龄的线性插值和粒度变化建立的。过去900年红树林森林的建立和扩张与该地区的河海动力学及泻湖形成有关。在公元1064年至公元1762年期间，当拉弗洛坦特泻湖周边以海洋环境为主时，梅斯蒂索斯沙洲形成。在纳维奥所在地，一个以河流为主的泻湖，自1830年以来陆源环境占主导。尽管草本先锋植被的定殖始于公元1142年至公元1331年之间，但红树林定殖直到公元1717年才开始。红树林定殖是三角洲向海推进的结果。公元1849年，锡努河三角洲迁移到西斯帕塔湾。海平面的上升、河流流量和沉积速率的增加导致自1849年以来以红树为主的红树林森林的建立。自1900年以来，在两个泻湖都记录到了海水入侵。1938年，三角洲向其当前在蒂纳霍内斯的位置迁移，形成了目前的泻湖系统并导致红树林森林扩张，这反映了高冲积沉积物输入与当前海平面上升之间的平衡，这在类似生态系统中已有记录。
