[Clinical and prognostic significance of genetic markers of ApoE gene in traumatic brain injury].

The review focuses on the analysis of available data about association of polymorphic genetic markers of gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The most investigated genetic marker of poor outcome after TBI is presence of 4 allele of APOE gene. According to most authors, carriers of this allele have worse functional outcome and lower indices of restoration of cognitive functions. Studies of association of polymorphic markers A(-491)T, T(-427)C and G(-219)T, located in promoter area of APOE gene, with course and outcome of TBI in Europeans, demonstrated that only carriers of TT genotype of polymorphic marker G(-219)T had much poorer recovery in comparison with carriers of GT and TT of this marker. However, in patients with TBI belonging to Chinese population association with higher risk of neurological deterioration was discovered for another polymorphic marker of the same area, A(-491). Increased risk was observed in carriers of AA genotype which determines raised level of APOE gene expression in combination with presence of 4 allele of the same gene. Analysis of the whole clinical and experimental investigations of association of different polymorphic markers of APOE gene with course and outcome of TBI allows to conclude that product of this gene, apolipoprotein E, in fact, plays important role in processes of recovery of brain and its functions being directly involved in neuroplasticity and neurotransmission thus facilitating functional integration of different brain areas.