Survival and reproductive outcomes in women treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to review all malignant germ-cell tumors (MOGCTs) treated at our institution, focusing on reproductive outcomes and menstrual function of patients treated with fertility-sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients treated for MOGCTs between January 1, 1979 and March 31, 2008. Charts of identified patients were abstracted and data were collected. Patients who had fertility-sparing surgery were contacted and a telephone questionnaire was performed to gather reproductive and menstrual history.

RESULTS

Forty patients were treated for MOGCTs at our institution. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 26.5years (range, 10-48years). Histologic subtypes were: immature teratoma (52.5%), dysgerminoma (27.5%), yolk sac tumor (10.0%), mixed germ cell tumor (7.5%), and choriocarcinoma (2.5%). Thirty-five percent of tumors were FIGO stages II-IV. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) were treated with chemotherapy postoperatively, 23 (85%) of whom received bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP). There were three recurrences, but no deaths. Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 22 patients (55%), 16 of whom received adjuvant chemotherapy. Fourteen of these patients were contacted. Of the 10 remaining patients desiring pregnancy, 8 (80%) had 11 successful spontaneous pregnancies, one required in-vitro fertilization, and the other required donor egg in-vitro fertilization, resulting in 14 live births. All 14 patients had normal menstrual cycles within one year of completing chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall survival was 100% among patients with both local and advanced MOGCTs, including those who underwent fertility-sparing surgery. Fertility-sparing surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to have little or no effect on fertility or menstrual cycles.