Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Microb Biotechnol. 2008 Mar;1(2):107-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2007.00009.x.
Hydrogen, the most abundant and lightest element in the universe, has much potential as a future energy source. Hydrogenases catalyse one of the simplest chemical reactions, 2H(+) + 2e(-) ↔ H(2), yet their structure is very complex. Biologically, hydrogen can be produced via photosynthetic or fermentative routes. This review provides an overview of microbial production of hydrogen by fermentation (currently the more favourable route) and focuses on biochemical pathways, theoretical hydrogen yields and hydrogenase structure. In addition, several examples of metabolic engineering to enhance fermentative hydrogen production are presented along with some examples of expression of heterologous hydrogenases for enhanced hydrogen production.
氢是宇宙中最丰富、最轻的元素，具有很大的作为未来能源的潜力。氢化酶催化最简单的化学反应之一，2H(+) + 2e(-) ↔ H(2)，但其结构非常复杂。在生物学上，氢可以通过光合作用或发酵途径产生。本文综述了微生物发酵（目前更有利的途径）生产氢的情况，重点介绍了生化途径、理论产氢量和氢化酶结构。此外，还介绍了一些代谢工程增强发酵产氢的实例，以及一些表达异源氢化酶增强产氢的实例。
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