Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
J Cell Biochem. 2011 Feb;112(2):401-8. doi: 10.1002/jcb.22970.
The sex steroid hormones, androgens and estrogens, via their respective nuclear receptors, regulate bone mineral density in humans and mice. Very little is known about the direct targets of the androgen and estrogen receptors in bone cells. First, models of hormone and receptor deficiency in mouse and human bone are discussed. This review then focuses on the direct targets of the receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. A direct target of a NR is defined here as a gene that is regulated by NR binding to the DNA (either through DNA binding or association with a DNA binding protein) at an enhancer or promoter of that gene. The experimental evidence that illustrates androgen and estrogen gene regulation in osteoblasts and osteoclasts will be summarized and compared with the phenotype of the hormones in vivo.
性激素，雄激素和雌激素，通过各自的核受体，调节人类和小鼠的骨矿物质密度。关于雄激素和雌激素受体在骨细胞中的直接靶标知之甚少。首先，讨论了小鼠和人骨中激素和受体缺乏的模型。然后，本综述重点介绍了成骨细胞和破骨细胞中受体的直接靶标。此处将 NR 的直接靶标定义为受 NR 与该基因的增强子或启动子处的 DNA（通过 DNA 结合或与 DNA 结合蛋白结合）结合而受 NR 调节的基因。将总结说明成骨细胞和破骨细胞中雄激素和雌激素基因调节的实验证据，并与体内激素的表型进行比较。
