Schloegel Lisa M, Daszak Peter, Cunningham Andrew A, Speare Richard, Hill Barry
Wildlife Trust, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10001, USA.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2010 Nov;92(2-3):101-8. doi: 10.3354/dao02140.
The global trade in amphibians entails the transport of tens of millions of live animals each year. In addition to the impact harvesting wild animals can have on amphibian populations, there is mounting evidence that the emerging pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranaviruses, the aetiological agents of chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease, respectively, are spread through this trade. The link between these pathogens and amphibian declines and extinctions suggests that the epidemiological impact of the trade is significant and may negatively affect conservation and trade economics. Here we present a brief assessment of the volume of the global trade in live amphibians, the risk of individuals harboring infection, and information on the recent listing by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) of chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease in the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code. This listing made chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease internationally notifiable diseases and thus subject to OIE standards, which aim to assure the sanitary safety of international trade in live amphibians and their products.
全球两栖动物贸易每年涉及数千万只活体动物的运输。除了捕捉野生动物会对两栖动物种群产生影响外，越来越多的证据表明，新出现的病原体——蛙壶菌和蛙病毒，分别是壶菌病和蛙病毒病的病原体，正通过这种贸易传播。这些病原体与两栖动物数量减少和灭绝之间的联系表明，这种贸易的流行病学影响重大，可能会对保护和贸易经济产生负面影响。在此，我们简要评估全球活体两栖动物贸易的规模、个体携带感染的风险，以及世界动物卫生组织（OIE）最近在《OIE水生动物卫生法典》中对壶菌病和蛙病毒病的列名情况。这一列名将壶菌病和蛙病毒病列为国际应通报疾病，因此要遵循OIE标准，这些标准旨在确保活体两栖动物及其产品国际贸易的卫生安全。
