Department of Physics, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Adv Mater. 2011 Feb 1;23(5):566-84. doi: 10.1002/adma.201002884. Epub 2010 Nov 22.
We present a critical review of semiconducting/light emitting, liquid crystalline materials and their use in electronic and photonic devices such as transistors, photovoltaics, OLEDs and lasers. We report that annealing from the mesophase improves the order and packing of organic semiconductors to produce state-of-the-art transistors. We discuss theoretical models which predict how charge transport and light emission is affected by the liquid crystalline phase. Organic photovoltaics and OLEDs require optimization of both charge transport and optical properties and we identify the various trade-offs involved for ordered materials. We report the crosslinking of reactive mesogens to give pixellated full-colour OLEDs and distributed bi-layer photovoltaics. We show how the molecular organization inherent to the mesophase can control the polarization of light-emitting devices and the gain in organic, thin-film lasers and can also provide distributed feedback in chiral nematic mirrorless lasers. We update progress on the surface alignment of liquid crystalline semiconductors to obtain monodomain devices without defects or devices with spatially varying properties. Finally the significance of all of these developments is assessed.
我们对半导体/发光、液晶材料及其在晶体管、光伏、OLED 和激光器等电子和光子器件中的应用进行了批判性回顾。我们报告说，从中相退火可以改善有机半导体的有序性和堆积，从而产生最先进的晶体管。我们讨论了理论模型，这些模型预测了电荷传输和光发射如何受到液晶相的影响。有机光伏和 OLED 需要优化电荷传输和光学性能，我们确定了有序材料所涉及的各种权衡。我们报告了反应性介晶的交联，以获得像素化全彩色 OLED 和分布式双层光伏。我们展示了介相固有的分子组织如何控制发光器件的偏振以及有机、薄膜激光器中的增益，还可以在向列相无镜激光器中提供分布式反馈。我们更新了液晶半导体的表面对准进展情况，以获得无缺陷的单畴器件或具有空间变化特性的器件。最后，评估了所有这些发展的意义。
