Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Ten-nessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Feb;106(2 Suppl):S2-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.08.005. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
To review the evolution of our understanding of the basics of histamine biology as it pertains to the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Review articles and original research were retrieved from MEDLINE, OVID, PubMed (1950 to November 2009), personal files of articles, and bibliographies of located articles that addressed the topic of interest.
Key articles were selected that, taken together, provide a history of scientific insight into histamine biology and receptors and mechanism of action of antihistamines. Publications included reviews, treatment guidelines, and clinical studies (primarily randomized controlled trials) of both children and adults.
The seminal work on histamine was published in 1910, but histamine was not identified as a mediator of anaphylactic reactions until 1932. Research later showed that histamine is a major mediator responsible for the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, with its activities mediated through 4 G protein-coupled receptors. Most of histamine's effects are exerted through the H₁ receptor, but some effects are through the H₂ and H₃ receptors, and possibly also through the H₄ receptor.
We hope that the progress made in understanding the mechanism of action of the histamine response will lead to better targeted treatment options.
回顾我们对组胺生物学基础知识的理解的演变，因为它与过敏性鼻炎的治疗有关。
从 MEDLINE、OVID、PubMed（1950 年至 2009 年 11 月）、文章的个人档案以及涉及感兴趣主题的文章的参考文献中检索了综述文章和原始研究。
选择了一些关键文章，这些文章共同提供了对组胺生物学和受体以及抗组胺药物作用机制的科学洞察力的历史。出版物包括针对儿童和成人的综述、治疗指南和临床研究（主要是随机对照试验）。
关于组胺的开创性工作发表于 1910 年，但直到 1932 年才发现组胺是过敏反应的主要介质。后来的研究表明，组胺是导致过敏性鼻炎症状的主要介质，其通过 4 种 G 蛋白偶联受体发挥作用。组胺的大部分作用是通过 H₁受体发挥的，但有些作用是通过 H₂和 H₃受体发挥的，也可能是通过 H₄受体发挥的。
我们希望对组胺反应作用机制的理解所取得的进展将导致更好的靶向治疗选择。
