Department of Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Demography. 1969 Nov;6(4):455-71. doi: 10.2307/2060090.
This paper considers social and economic correlates of age-specific 1950-1960 net migration of Negro males from a sample of 150 southern counties. A model is developed with five components: (1) economic activity and urbanization, (2) white traditionalism, (3) demographic and ecological pressure, (4) nonwhite poverty, and (5) nonwhite home ownership. The dominant migration forces, as evidenced by correlations with component indicator variables, are the "pull" factor of change in nonprimary industrial employment, the "push" factor of population pressure in the nonwhite rural-farm sector, and the "push" of white traditionalism. However, the significance of model components varied when analyzed along age and industrial development continua. In the younger age groupings, industrial employment growth, population pressure, and white traditionalism were dominant migratory forces while in the older age groupings, industrial employment growth and non-home ownership were most significant. For Negro males in agricultural counties, the major migration propellents appeared to be the "push" of population pressure in the rural farm sector and non-ownership of homes. On the other hand the statistical explanation for Negro migration in more industrialized southern counties rests primarily with the "pull" of increased employment in non-primary industries along with population pressure. The importance of the findings for migration theory is discussed.
本文考虑了从 150 个南方县的样本中，特定于年龄的 1950-1960 年黑人男性净移民的社会和经济相关性。建立了一个由五个部分组成的模型：（1）经济活动和城市化，（2）白人传统主义，（3）人口和生态压力，（4）非白人贫困，以及（5）非白人住房拥有率。通过与组成指标变量的相关性，可以看出主要的迁移力量是非农产业就业变化的“拉力”、非白人社区农村-农业部门人口压力的“推力”，以及白人传统主义的“推力”。然而，当沿着年龄和工业发展连续体进行分析时，模型组成部分的重要性发生了变化。在较年轻的年龄组中，工业就业增长、人口压力和白人传统主义是主要的迁移力量，而在较年长的年龄组中，工业就业增长和非住房拥有率则最为重要。对于农业县的黑人男性来说，主要的迁移推动力似乎是农村农业部门人口压力的“推力”和无房拥有率。另一方面，对于更工业化的南方县的黑人迁移，统计解释主要在于非农产业就业增长以及人口压力带来的“拉力”。讨论了这些发现对迁移理论的重要性。
