Pandolfo Soledad, Vázquez Martín, Más Mariana, Vomero Alejandra, Aguilar Alicia, Bello Osvaldo
Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2011 Feb;109(1):18-23. doi: 10.1590/S0325-00752011000100006.
Suicide attempt (SA) in under 15's is one of the most frequent reasons for psychiatric consultation faced by paediatricians working in urgency services. Uruguay is the country with the highest suicide rate in South America. Suicide is currently the fifth cause of death in 10 to 14 year olds (1.8/ 100,000) and ninth in the 5 to 9 age group (0.4/100,000).
To know the incidence of SA consultations in under 15's, the characteristics of their environment and methods used.
Descriptive and prospective epidemiological study in a paediatric urgency service between 01/07/08 and 30/06/09.
A total of 145 patients were included. Mean age was 12 yrs. 7 m. A 77% were female. The triggering factors were: interpersonal conflicts (57%), affective losses (17%) and battering or sexual-abuse (11%). A 78% took medication. An 18% planned the SA. A 77% occurred at home. The life of 10% was at risk. One third had at least one previous SA. A 49% had a family history of psychiatric disorders, 28% of SA and 7% of suicide. Of the total 123 SA with pills, 101 were women (n 112) and 22 males (n 33) (p <0.05). Eight out of 15 under 10 year olds were male, and 25 out of 130 had more than 10 years of age (p <0.05). Among under 10's, 50% used a non-pharmacological method and this figure rose to 19% (p <0.05) in those with more than 10 years. An 88% rectified or regretted their action. Median length of hospital stay was 6 days. At the time of discharge, 99.5% did not present sequelae.
SA incidence in under 15's is 2/1,000 consultations per year. The main profile is a female between 12 and 14 years of age that attempts suicide at home using medication, preferably benzodiacepines, following a discussion or affective loss, without life risk. Among those under 10 years, there is a significant predominance of males using non pharmacological methods. Verification of these behavioural patterns will enable the design of prevention strategies in the age group studied.
15岁以下儿童自杀未遂是急诊服务儿科医生面临的最常见精神科会诊原因之一。乌拉圭是南美洲自杀率最高的国家。目前，自杀是10至14岁儿童的第五大死因（1.8/100,000），在5至9岁年龄组中排第九（0.4/100,000）。
了解15岁以下儿童自杀未遂会诊的发生率、其周围环境特点及所用方法。
对2008年7月1日至2009年6月30日期间一家儿科急诊服务机构进行描述性和前瞻性流行病学研究。
共纳入145例患者。平均年龄为12岁7个月。77%为女性。触发因素有：人际冲突（57%）、情感损失（17%）以及殴打或性虐待（11%）。78%服用了药物。18%对自杀未遂有计划。77%发生在家中。10%的生命受到威胁。三分之一的患者此前至少有过一次自杀未遂经历。49%有精神疾病家族史，28%有自杀未遂家族史，7%有自杀家族史。在总共123例服药自杀未遂案例中，101例为女性（共112例女性），22例为男性（共33例男性）（p<0.05）。15名10岁以下儿童中有8名是男性，130名10岁以上儿童中有25名（p<0.05）。10岁以下儿童中，50%使用非药物方法，10岁以上儿童中这一比例升至19%（p<0.05）。88%的人纠正或后悔了自己的行为。住院中位时长为6天。出院时，99.5%没有出现后遗症。
15岁以下儿童自杀未遂发生率为每年2/1000次会诊。主要特征是12至14岁的女性，在家中使用药物（最好是苯二氮䓬类药物）自杀未遂，诱因是争吵或情感损失，无生命危险。10岁以下儿童中，男性使用非药物方法的情况显著居多。核实这些行为模式将有助于针对所研究年龄组设计预防策略。
