Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 5260, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Jan;4(1):11-5. doi: 10.3758/BF03213249.
Picture and word triads were tested in a Brown-Peterson short-term retention task at varying delay intervals (3, 10, or 30 sec) and under acoustic and simultaneous acoustic and visual distraction. Pictures were superior to words at all delay intervals under single acoustic distraction. Dual distraction consistently reduced picture retention while simultaneously facilitating word retention. The results were interpreted in terms of the dual coding hypothesis with modality-specific interference effects in the visual and acoustic processing systems. The differential effects of dual distraction were related to the introduction of visual interference and differential levels of functional acoustic interference across dual and single distraction tasks. The latter was supported by a constant 2/1 ratio in the backward counting rates of the acoustic vs. dual distraction tasks. The results further suggest that retention may not depend on total processing load of the distraction task, per se, but rather that processing load operates within modalities.
在布朗-彼得森短期记忆任务中，对图像-文字三元组进行了测试，在不同的延迟时间（3、10 或 30 秒）和声学及同时的声学-视觉干扰下进行了测试。在单一声学干扰下，所有延迟时间的图片都优于文字。双重干扰始终降低图片的保持力，同时促进文字的保持力。结果根据双重编码假说进行解释，在视觉和听觉处理系统中存在模态特异性干扰效应。双重干扰的差异效应与视觉干扰的引入以及在双重和单一干扰任务中功能听觉干扰的不同水平有关。这一点得到了在声学与双重干扰任务的倒数计数率之间存在 2/1 恒定比值的支持。结果还表明，保留率可能不取决于干扰任务的总处理负载，而是处理负载在模态内运行。
