Belousova E A, Lavrik O I
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2010 Nov-Dec;44(6):947-65.
One of the key stages of life of a cell is genome duplication. The main enzymes which lead this process are DNA-dependent DNA polymerases. At the moment, 19 DNA polymerases with striking properties are listed in the eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma from A family and most of the nuclear enzymes from B family are high fidelity DNA polymerases which are participate in genome DNA replication process as well as in DNA repair. Among the other 1 5 proteins, the D N A polymerases belonging to the X and Y families have a special place. They participate in a different repair processes such as base excision repair and non-homologous end joining. Moreover, some of them play a specific role in the replication of the damaged DNA templates. This process is referred as translesion synthesis or TLS. The DNA polymerases beta and lambda members of X family are enclosed in polyfunctional enzymes, and their properties and functions will be discussed in this review.
细胞生命的关键阶段之一是基因组复制。主导这一过程的主要酶是依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶。目前，真核细胞中列出了19种具有显著特性的DNA聚合酶。A家族的线粒体DNA聚合酶γ和B家族的大多数核酶是高保真DNA聚合酶，它们参与基因组DNA复制过程以及DNA修复。在其他15种蛋白质中，属于X和Y家族的DNA聚合酶具有特殊地位。它们参与不同的修复过程，如碱基切除修复和非同源末端连接。此外，其中一些在受损DNA模板的复制中发挥特定作用。这个过程被称为跨损伤合成或TLS。X家族的DNA聚合酶β和λ成员包含在多功能酶中，它们的特性和功能将在本综述中讨论。
