Turell Michael J, Dohm David J, Geden Christopher J, Hogsette Jerome A, Linthicum Kenneth J
Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2010 Dec;26(4):445-8. doi: 10.2987/10-6070.1.
Rift Valley fever (RVF), a disease of ruminants and humans, has been responsible for large outbreaks in Africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. As indicated by the rapid spread of West Nile viral activity across North America since its discovery in 1999 and the rapid and widespread movement of chikungunya virus from Africa throughout the Indian Ocean Islands to Asia and Europe, an introduced exotic arbovirus can be rapidly and widely established across wide geographical regions. Although RVF virus (RVFV) is normally transmitted by mosquitoes, we wanted to determine the potential for this virus to replicate in 2 of the most globally distributed and common higher flies: house flies, Musca domestica, and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans. Neither species supported the replication of RVFV, even after intrathoracic inoculation. However, S. calcitrans was able to mechanically transmit RVFV to susceptible hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after probing on infected hamsters with high viral titers. Therefore, S. calcitrans, because of its close association with domestic animals that serve as amplifying hosts of RVFV, should be considered a possible mechanical vector of RVFV, and it may contribute to the rapid spread of a RVF outbreak. Other Stomoxys species present in Africa and elsewhere may also play similar roles.
裂谷热（RVF）是一种影响反刍动物和人类的疾病，在非洲引发了大规模疫情，导致数十万人类感染，并因牲畜损失和贸易限制造成重大经济破坏。自1999年西尼罗河病毒活动在北美被发现后迅速传播，以及基孔肯雅病毒从非洲迅速广泛传播至印度洋诸岛、亚洲和欧洲，表明一种引入的外来虫媒病毒能够在广阔的地理区域迅速广泛传播。尽管裂谷热病毒（RVFV）通常由蚊子传播，但我们想确定这种病毒在全球分布最广且最常见的两种高级蝇类——家蝇（Musca domestica）和厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans）——中复制的可能性。即使进行胸腔内接种，这两种蝇类都不支持RVFV的复制。然而，厩螫蝇在用高病毒滴度的感染仓鼠进行探测后，能够将RVFV机械传播给易感仓鼠（金黄仓鼠，Mesocricetus auratus）。因此，由于厩螫蝇与作为RVFV扩增宿主的家畜密切相关，应被视为RVFV可能的机械传播媒介，它可能会促使裂谷热疫情迅速蔓延。在非洲和其他地区存在的其他厩螫蝇物种可能也发挥类似作用。
