Division of Assembly Technology, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, SE-58381 Linköping, Sweden.
Waste Manag. 2011 Jun;31(6):1121-32. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.12.021. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
There has been increased focus on recycling in Sweden during recent years. This focus can be attributed to external environmental factors such as tougher legislation, but also to the potential gains for raw materials suppliers. Recycling centres are important components in the Swedish total recycling system. Recycling centres are manned facilities for waste collection where visitors can bring, sort and discard worn products as well as large-sized, hazardous, and electrical waste. The aim of this paper was to identify and describe the main flows and layout types at Swedish recycling centres. The aim was also to adapt and apply production theory for designing and managing recycling centre operations. More specifically, this means using lean production principles to help develop guidelines for recycling centre design and efficient control. Empirical data for this research was primarily collected through interviews and questionnaires among both visitors and employees at 16 Swedish recycling centres. Furthermore, adapted observation protocols have been used in order to explore visitor activities. There was also close collaboration with a local recycling centre company, which shared their layout experiences with the researchers in this project. The recycling centres studied had a variety of problems such as queues of visitors, overloading of material and improper sorting. The study shows that in order to decrease the problems, the recycling centres should be designed and managed according to lean production principles, i.e. through choosing more suitable layout choices with visible and linear flows, providing better visitor information, and providing suitable technical equipment. Improvements can be achieved through proper planning of the layout and control of the flow of vehicles, with the result of increased efficiency and capacity, shorter visits, and cleaner waste fractions. The benefits of a lean production mindset include increased visitor capacity, waste flexibility, improved sorting quality, shorter time for visits and improved working conditions.
近年来，瑞典越来越关注回收利用。这种关注可以归因于外部环境因素，如更严格的法规，也可以归因于原材料供应商的潜在收益。回收中心是瑞典全面回收系统的重要组成部分。回收中心是有人值守的废物收集设施，访客可以在这里携带、分类和丢弃旧产品以及大型、危险和电气废物。本文的目的是确定和描述瑞典回收中心的主要流动和布局类型。目的还在于适应和应用生产理论来设计和管理回收中心的运营。更具体地说，这意味着使用精益生产原则来帮助制定回收中心设计和高效控制的指南。本研究的主要数据是通过对 16 个瑞典回收中心的访客和员工进行访谈和问卷调查收集的。此外，还使用了经过改编的观察协议来探索访客的活动。与当地一家回收中心公司密切合作，该公司与研究人员分享了他们在这个项目中的布局经验。所研究的回收中心存在各种问题，例如访客排队、材料超载和分类不当。研究表明，为了减少这些问题，回收中心应根据精益生产原则进行设计和管理，即通过选择具有可见和线性流动的更合适的布局选择、提供更好的访客信息以及提供合适的技术设备。通过适当规划布局和控制车辆流动，可以实现改进，从而提高效率和容量、缩短访问时间和清洁废物。精益生产思维的好处包括增加访客容量、废物灵活性、提高分类质量、缩短访问时间和改善工作条件。
