Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galícia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
Meat Sci. 2011 Jun;88(2):292-8. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.01.004. Epub 2011 Jan 16.
The effects of sex, slaughter age (9 vs. 12 months) and livestock production system (freedom extensive system (FES) vs. semi extensive system (SES)) of "Galician Mountain" foals breed on meat quality from the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were investigated. Forty-two foals had been used for this study, 19 (11 females and 8 males) were reared in a semi extensive system and weaned three months prior to slaughtering (8 and 11 were slaughtered at 9 and 12 months, respectively) while the other 23 (11 females and 12 males) were reared together with its mothers in a system in freedom and were slaughtered at the age of 9 months. The obtained results showed that there were no significant differences between the sexes and the slaughter age whereas the livestock production system was a significant variation source on intramuscular fat content and meat tenderness because SES foals showed 51.6% more of IMF and the improved meat tenderness achieved a shear force of <3 kg. In general, the meat from foals of the study at hand showed very lean meat (<0.3% in IMF) with a high protein content (>20.5%) and heme-iron (1.62 mg/100g meat) comparable to veal meat. Furthermore, the meat samples showed a higher luminosity (L*>40), a very good water holding capacity, measured by cooking losses (<18.3%), and a tenderness less than 4 kg. Thus, it can be classified as "very tender" meat.
本研究调查了“加利西亚山地”马驹的性别、屠宰年龄（9 个月与 12 个月）和牲畜生产系统（自由粗放系统（FES）与半集约系统（SES））对背最长肌（LD）肉品质的影响。本研究使用了 42 匹马驹，其中 19 匹（11 雌 8 雄）在半集约系统中饲养，于屠宰前 3 个月断奶（8 匹和 11 匹分别于 9 个月和 12 个月龄屠宰），而其余 23 匹（11 雌 12 雄）与母马一起在自由系统中饲养，并于 9 个月龄时屠宰。结果表明，性别和屠宰年龄之间没有显著差异，而牲畜生产系统是肌肉内脂肪含量和肉嫩度的重要变异源，因为 SES 马驹的 IMF 含量多 51.6%，肉嫩度提高，达到剪切力<3kg。一般来说，本研究中马驹的肉非常瘦（IMF<0.3%），蛋白质含量高（>20.5%），血红素铁（1.62mg/100g 肉）与小牛肉相当。此外，肉样的明度（L*>40）较高，保水性极好，通过蒸煮损失（<18.3%）测量，嫩度小于 4kg。因此，它可以被归类为“非常嫩”的肉。
