Matz Brendan
Endeavour. 2011 Mar;35(1):7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2010.12.001. Epub 2011 Feb 5.
During the first half of the nineteenth century, breeders of livestock in the United States and Germany began to approach animal husbandry in a more systematic manner. Responding to changes in ideas about heredity and economic pressures, they imported large numbers of animals from abroad, especially from Great Britain. With these imported breeds they set out to transform their native specimens to better meet the needs of an industrializing nation. Their strategies for animal improvement, which included grading, crossing, and pure breeding, constituted practical experiments into heredity that ran parallel to the work of naturalists. By 1860, the modern system of breeding, with its attention to public registries of pedigrees, gained increasing influence in both contexts.
在19世纪上半叶，美国和德国的家畜饲养者开始以更系统的方式从事畜牧业。为应对有关遗传观念的变化和经济压力，他们从国外，尤其是从英国，引进了大量动物。他们利用这些引进的品种来改良本土品种，以更好地满足一个工业化国家的需求。他们改良动物的策略，包括分级、杂交和纯种繁育，构成了与博物学家的工作并行的关于遗传的实际试验。到1860年，注重谱系公共登记的现代繁育体系在这两个领域都获得了越来越大的影响力。
